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By means of nasal cytology, it is possible to distinguish between different inflammatory patterns that are typically associated with specific diseases (ie, allergic and non\u2010allergic rhinitis). Its use is particularly relevant when other clinical information, such as signs, symptoms, time\u2010course and allergic sensitizations, is not enough to recognize which of the different rhinitis phenotypes is involved; for example, it is only by means of nasal cytology that it is possible to distinguish, among the non\u2010allergic rhinitis, those characterized by eosinophilic (NARES), mast cellular (NARMA), mixed eosinophilic\u2010mast cellular (NARESMA) or neutrophilic (NARNE) inflammation. Despite its clinical usefulness, cheapness, non\u2010invasiveness and easiness, nasal cytology is still underused and this is at least partially due to the fact that, as far as now, there is not a consensus or an official recommendation on its methodological issues. We here review the scientific literature about nasal cytology, giving recommendations on how to perform and interpret nasal cytology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T03:41:08Z","timestamp":1529034068000},"page":"1092-1106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Nasal cytology: Methodology with application to clinical practice and research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Heffler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas University Milano Italy"},{"name":"Personalized Medicine Asthma and Allergy Unit Humanitas Clinical and Research Center Humanitas University Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology National Research Council of Italy Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Paediatric National Healthcare System Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Unit Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Presidio Columbus Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fichera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine and Allergy University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Allergy A.O.U. 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