{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T18:21:01Z","timestamp":1775758861373,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research TNO"},{"name":"EUROIMMUN"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The role of sensitization to commercially available allergens of English walnut (<jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic>) Jug r 1, 2 and 3 in walnut allergy has been previously investigated in walnut allergic adults and was unable to explain all cases of walnut allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identify recognized walnut allergens, other than the ones previously investigated (Jug r 1\u20103), in walnut allergic adults and determine the sensitization frequency and diagnostic value.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three different in\u2010house walnut extracts were prepared and analysed on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAGE<\/jats:styled-content> blots to identify allergenic walnut proteins. Immunoblots and immunoprecipitation, followed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> analysis, were performed to screen for, and confirm, IgE binding to walnut allergens in selected walnut allergic adults. In a cohort of 55 walnut challenged adults, including 33 allergic and 22 tolerant, sensitization to native and recombinant walnut allergen Jug r 4 was assessed using immunoblotting and immuno\u2010line blot (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUROLINE<\/jats:styled-content>), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening of sera of 8 walnut allergic adults identified Jug r 4 as an allergen in our population. In the total cohort of 55 subjects, 5 were positive for Jug r 4 on immunoblot and 10 on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUROLINE<\/jats:styled-content>. All but one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUROLINE<\/jats:styled-content> positive subject had a positive food challenge (sensitivity 27%, specificity 95%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> 90%, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content> 47%). All 5 subjects positive on immunoblot were also positive on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUROLINE<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> analysis showed a lack of Jug r 4 in the Immuno<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAP<\/jats:styled-content> extract. Co\u2010sensitization to other 11S albumins (eg hazelnut Cor a 9) was common in Jug r 4 sensitized subjects, potentially due to cross\u2010reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Walnut 11S globulin Jug r 4 is a relevant minor allergen, recognized by 27% of walnut allergic adults. It has a high positive predictive value of 90% for walnut allergy. Specific IgE against Jug r 4 occurred mostly with concomitant sensitization to other walnut components, mainly Jug r 1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,15]],"date-time":"2018-06-15T08:05:56Z","timestamp":1529049956000},"page":"1206-1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A subset of walnut allergic adults is sensitized to walnut 11S globulin Jug r 4"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4163-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. A.","family":"Blankestijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. F.","family":"den Hartog Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. M.","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. G.","family":"Otten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Translational Immunology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. A. H.","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gaspari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro Catanzaro Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. F.","family":"Houben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C.","family":"Knulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. C. M.","family":"Verhoeckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology\/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0555-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"WHO\/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub\u2010Committee.Jug r 6. 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