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Laboratory\u2010confirmed data about the role of maternal infections during pregnancy is scarce.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the associations between serologically confirmed maternal infections during pregnancy and atopic disease in the offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a nested case\u2010control study within a prospective birth cohort study. Altogether 202 atopic case children and 333 matched non\u2010atopic control children were included. Atopic outcome was defined as having an atopic disease and IgE sensitization by the age of 5\u00a0years. We analysed serologically acute enterovirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>), influenza virus A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) infections during pregnancy, and mother's seropositivity against human cytomegalovirus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> infection during pregnancy was inversely associated with atopic outcome in the offspring (odds ratio 0.43; 95% confidence interval: 0.23\u20100.80, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.008). Acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:italic>M.\u00a0pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infections or seropositivity against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMV<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> were not associated with the atopic outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content> infections during pregnancy are inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring. Our finding provides further support to the previous studies suggesting an important role of the <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> environment in the development of atopic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T11:44:54Z","timestamp":1537357494000},"page":"1698-1704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Enterovirus infection during pregnancy is inversely associated with atopic disease in the offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5566-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences University of Tampere Tampere Finland"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tampere University Hospital Tampere 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