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Reflexive cough was measured using citric acid and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) challenges, respectively. Spontaneous cough counting was determined using audio recording and a waveform analysis. Airway inflammation was evaluated using differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung histopathology. To further elucidate the relationship between airway inflammation and cough hypersensitivity, a subgroup of those exposed for 14\u00a0days received a dexamethasone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to reflexive cough count (mean (95% confidence interval) in 10\u00a0minutes) provoked by the AITC challenge for the unexposed animals (3.1 (1.7\u20104.5)), those were increased significantly following both the 7\u2010day (12.0 (6.8\u201017.2), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) and the 14\u2010day (12.0 (6.4\u201017.6), <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) TRAP exposure. The effect provoked by the citric acid challenge was more profound following the 14\u2010day exposure (26.0 (19.5\u201032.5) vs 3.8 (1.5\u20106.0) for the control, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). TRAP exposures enhanced spontaneous cough events, caused a significant increase of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF and resulted in a dramatic eosinophilic infiltration in submucosal layer of trachea and bronchus, which can be inhibited significantly by dexamethasone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions &amp; Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>TRAP exposures induced cough hypersensitivity and non\u2010allergic eosinophilic inflammation of airways in guinea\u2010pigs. This study highlights the potential mechanisms of eosinophilia\u2010related chronic cough that can be induced by traffic\u2010related air pollution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,11]],"date-time":"2018-11-11T12:05:13Z","timestamp":1541937913000},"page":"366-377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Traffic\u2010related air pollution induces non\u2010allergic eosinophilic airway inflammation and cough hypersensitivity in guinea\u2010pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Zhangfu","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 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