{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:29:28Z","timestamp":1790731768516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long\u2010term effects of probiotic intervention for primary prevention of allergic diseases are not well known. We previously reported less eczema until 10\u00a0years in our probiotic intervention trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of early probiotic intervention on the prevalence of allergic diseases up to 13\u00a0years of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women (n\u00a0=\u00a01223) carrying a child at a high risk of allergy (at least one parent with allergic disease) were randomized to receive a mixture of probiotics (<jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GG<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC<\/jats:styled-content>705, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic> Bb99 and <jats:italic>Propionibacterium freudenreichii<\/jats:italic>) or placebo in a double\u2010blind manner from 36\u00a0weeks of gestation until birth. Their infants received the same product for the first six months (registration number <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCT<\/jats:styled-content>00298337). At 13\u2010year follow\u2010up, the participants were requested to return a questionnaire and to provide a blood sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire was returned by 642 participants (63.1% of intention\u2010to\u2010treat infants), and 459 provided a blood sample. In the whole cohort, there were no statistically significant differences in doctor\u2010diagnosed allergic disease (55.2% and 59.0%, probiotic and placebo group, respectively) or allergic disease (47.9% and 51.6%) based on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISAAC<\/jats:styled-content> questionnaire data. Inhalant\u2010specific IgE sensitization (&gt;0.7 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">kU<\/jats:styled-content>\/L) was 59.3% in the probiotic group and 49.8% in the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.040). In a post hoc analysis made in Caesarean\u2010delivered subgroup, allergy was reported in 41.5% of the probiotic group and 67.9% of the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006), and eczema in 18.9% and 37.5%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031). In the whole cohort, 8.5% of the probiotic group had suffered from wheezing attacks during the previous 12\u00a0months vs 14.7% in the placebo group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013). There were no statistically significant differences discovered between the characteristics of the participating group and the dropout group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotic intervention protected Caesarean\u2010delivered subgroup from allergic disease and eczema, but not the total cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,25]],"date-time":"2018-11-25T13:15:12Z","timestamp":1543151712000},"page":"506-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Perinatal probiotic intervention prevented allergic disease in a Caesarean\u2010delivered subgroup at 13\u2010year follow\u2010up"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5242-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sampo","family":"Kallio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's 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