{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:38:01Z","timestamp":1785904681612,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content>) is a marker for type 2 inflammation used in diagnostics and management of asthma. In order to use <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> as a reliable biomarker, it is important to investigate factors that influence <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> in healthy individuals. Men have higher levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> than women, but it is unclear whether determinants of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> differ by sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify determinants of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> in men and women without lung diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide was validly measured in 3881 healthy subjects that had answered the main questionnaire of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> without airways or lung disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exhaled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NO<\/jats:styled-content> levels were 21.3% higher in men compared with women <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001. Being in the upper age quartile (60.3\u201067.6\u00a0years), men had 19.2\u00a0ppb (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 18.3, 20.2) higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> than subjects in the lowest age quartile (39.7\u201048.3\u00a0years) <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02. Women in the two highest age quartiles (54.6\u201060.2 and 60.3\u201067.6\u00a0years) had 15.4\u00a0ppb (14.7, 16.2), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03 and 16.4\u00a0ppb (15.6, 17.1), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0&lt;0.001 higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content>, compared with the lowest age quartile.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Height was related to 8% higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> level in men (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and 5% higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> levels in women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.008). Men who smoked had 37% lower <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> levels and women had 30% lower levels compared with never\u2010smokers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for both). Men and women sensitized to both grass and perennial allergens had higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> levels compared with non\u2010sensitized subjects 26% and 29%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels were higher in men than women. Similar effects of current smoking, height, and IgE sensitization were found in both sexes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> started increasing at lower age in women than in men, suggesting that interpretation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<jats:sub>E<\/jats:sub>NO<\/jats:styled-content> levels in adults aged over 50\u00a0years should take into account age and sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T16:07:33Z","timestamp":1554134853000},"page":"969-979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Determinants of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in healthy men and women from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey 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