{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:38Z","timestamp":1787013998031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016A030310166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A030310166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil accumulation has been observed in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the functions of neutrophils are poorly understood. Neutrophils produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are involved in a variety of chronic inflammatory pathologies. LL\u201037 is the only member of the cathelicidin family in human.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our aims were to examine the presence of NETs in CRSwNP and to investigate the regulatory effect of LL\u201037 on NET formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nasal polyp tissues were investigated for the presence of NETs by using immunofluorescent (IF) staining. The expression and distribution of LL\u201037 were examined by using quantitative RT\u2010PCR, ELISA, IF, and immunohistochemistry. Purified peripheral neutrophils were stimulated with LL\u201037 and stained with IF to identify NETs. NETs% was defined as percentage of NET\u2010generating neutrophils to the total number of neutrophils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Neutrophil extracellular traps were located in the subepithelial layer of nasal polyps and control tissues. Nasal polyps had higher NETs% compared with that of controls (23.01%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.43% vs 4.52%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.33%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). NET count was also increased in nasal polyps. NET count correlated with neutrophil count (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.908,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). LL\u201037 protein and mRNA levels were upregulated in nasal polyps. LL\u201037 was distributed in the epithelial and subepithelial layer and mainly expressed by neutrophils. Moreover, LL\u201037 promoted peripheral neutrophils to form NETs in a dose\u2010dependent manner ex vivo. Interestingly, dexamethasone did not inhibit the effect of LL\u201037 on inducing NET formation. Furthermore, peripheral neutrophils from CRSwNP patients were more susceptible to LL\u201037\u2010mediated NET formation, compared with neutrophils derived from control subjects. In addition, NETs released LL\u201037 in vivo and ex vivo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neutrophil extracellular traps are significantly increased in nasal polyps and LL\u201037 induces NET formation in CRSwNP patients. These findings indicate that NETs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T12:27:58Z","timestamp":1556800078000},"page":"990-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["LL\u201037 promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8015-3282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fenghong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueqi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyu","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinyan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2477-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huabin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/ajra.2016.30.4297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12577"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"990","article-title":"EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. 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