{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:00:51Z","timestamp":1787169651822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007162","name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016A020215013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016A020215013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                      neutrophil\u2010activating protein (NAP) is an immune modulator with anti\u2010Th2 inflammation activity that can be used to prevent IgE\u2010mediated allergic reactions. Cholera toxin B (CTB) is a mucosal adjuvant that can induce antigen tolerance.\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores are an ideal vehicle for the oral delivery of heterologous antigens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated the therapeutic effect of recombinant NAP\n                      <jats:italic>B\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores on peanut allergies in a mouse model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female C3H\/HeJ mice were sensitized and challenged with peanut extract by oral administration. Before challenge, recombinant NAP and CTB\u2010NAP (CNAP) spores were orally administered to sensitized mice for 4\u00a0weeks. Faecal peanut\u2010specific IgA and serum\u2010specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a levels were measured, and the intestinal microbiota was analysed. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with anti\u2010CD25 antibodies for regulatory T cell (Treg) depletion to evaluate the efficacy of Tregs in preventing peanut allergy. After challenge, anaphylactic reactions, plasma histamine, Tregs, and splenocyte interleukin (IL)\u201010, IL\u20104, IL\u20105 and interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) levels were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 4\u00a0weeks of recombinant spore treatment, faecal IgA levels and serum IgG2a levels were increased, while serum IgG1 and IgE levels were reduced. Intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that CNAP spores increased the taxonomic abundance of\n                      <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the phylum level and\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridia<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the class level. After challenge, the administration of NAP or CNAP spores to mice was found to ameliorate anaphylactic reactions and decrease plasma histamine levels. Administration of NAP or CNAP spores also enhanced IL\u201010 and IFN\u2010\u03b3 secretion, and suppressed IL\u20104 and IL\u20105 secretion. The protective effect of CNAP spores was more pronounced than that of NAP spores; this therapeutic effect was lost after Treg depletion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recombinant NAP spores successfully suppressed Th2 inflammation via the up\u2010regulation of Tregs; this may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for treating food allergies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T03:40:27Z","timestamp":1567136427000},"page":"1605-1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Oral administration of recombinant\n                    <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n                    spores expressing\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    neutrophil\u2010activating protein suppresses peanut allergy via up\u2010regulation of Tregs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingshao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhile","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 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