{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:16:11Z","timestamp":1790471771967,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607817600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":333,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)\u2010mediated anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition in which allergy effector cells rapidly discharge pre\u2010formed inflammatory mediators. Treatments that address the immune component of allergic anaphylaxis are inadequate. Helminths have been previously shown to suppress effector cell function; however, their ability to treat pre\u2010existing allergy remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the ability of chronic helminth infection to protect against anaphylaxis in previously sensitized mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sublethal model of anaphylaxis was used, in which BALB\/c mice were sensitized by three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of OVA\/alum. Temperature drop was then monitored after systemic OVA challenge in uninfected mice and in mice infected chronically with <jats:italic>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/jats:italic>, a tissue\u2010invasive filarial nematode.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Litomosoides sigmodontis<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected mice exhibited significantly lower serum levels of mMCP\u20101 and were less hypothermic at 30\u2010minute post\u2010challenge compared to uninfected OVA\u2010challenged controls. Characterization of anaphylaxis revealed that Fc\u0511R1 and mast cells were required for hypothermia and elevated serum mMCP\u20101. OVA\u2010IgE and OVA\u2010IgG1 serum levels were not significantly altered by <jats:italic>L\u00a0sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> infection, and experiments with IL\u201010<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice demonstrated that IL\u201010 was not required for protection against anaphylaxis. However, peritoneal mast cell numbers were significantly lower in infected mice, and those that were present exhibited decreased granularity by flow cytometry and marked depletion of intracytoplasmic granules by light microscopy. Mast cells from infected mice had lower expression of the activation markers CD200R and CD63 and contained significantly lower basal stores of histamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic <jats:italic>L\u00a0sigmodontis<\/jats:italic> infection protects against anaphylaxis, likely due to reduction in mast cell numbers and depletion of pre\u2010formed inflammatory mediators in remaining mast cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T18:24:21Z","timestamp":1576261461000},"page":"213-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chronic infection with a tissue\u2010invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Instrumentation Center Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD 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