{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:40:14Z","timestamp":1790804414201,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal pre\u2010postnatal psychosocial distress increases the risk for childhood allergic disease. This may occur through a host immunity pathway that involves intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Experimental animal models show changes in the gut microbiome and immunity of offspring when exposed to direct or prenatal maternal stress, but little is known in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We determined the association between maternal depression and stress symptom trajectories and infant fecal sIgA concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>1043 term infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort were studied. Trajectories of maternal perceived stress and depression were based on scored scales administered in pregnancy and postpartum. sIgA was quantified in infant stool (mean age 3.7\u00a0months) with Immundiagnostik ELISA<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> Linear regression and logistic regression were employed to test associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Very low fecal sIgA concentrations were more common in infants of mothers in the antepartum and persistent depression trajectories (6% and 2% of women, respectively). Independent of breastfeeding status at fecal sampling, infant antibiotic exposure or other covariates, the antepartum depressive symptom trajectory was associated with reduced mean infant sIgA concentrations (\u03b2=\u22120.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01) and a two fold risk for lowest quartile concentrations (OR, 1.86; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.40). This lowering of sIgA yielded a large effect size in older infants (4\u20108\u00a0months)\u2014breastfed and not. No associations were seen with postpartum depressive symptoms (7% of women) or with any of the perceived stress trajectories.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite improved mood postpartum and independent of breastfeeding status, mothers experiencing antepartum depressive symptoms delivered offspring who exhibited lower fecal sIgA concentrations especially in later infancy. The implications of lowered sIgA concentrations in infant stool are altered microbe\u2010sIgA interactions, greater risk for <jats:italic>C difficile<\/jats:italic> colonization and atopic disease in later years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T07:19:57Z","timestamp":1576567197000},"page":"178-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Maternal psychological distress before birth influences gut immunity in mid\u2010infancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2499-7840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liane J.","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khanh N.","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petya T.","family":"Koleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Science Indiana University Bloomington IN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5942-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan B.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan B.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piushkumar J.","family":"Mandhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo J.","family":"Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7113-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Lefebvre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart E.","family":"Turvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padmaja","family":"Subbarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy Y. 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