{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:43:04Z","timestamp":1770745384290,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non\u2010allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome\u2010wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random\u2010effects inverse\u2010variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR\u2010Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis\u2010related SNPs was further applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779\u20101.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588\u20101.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis\u2010related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European\u2010ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:55:25Z","timestamp":1600476925000},"page":"78-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Null association between serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non\u2010allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9323-9421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong 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Epidemiology Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching Lung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Centre for Genomic Sciences LKS Faculty of Medicine the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria HY","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond YH","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard MY","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Medicine the University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam, Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Allergic 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