{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T13:04:01Z","timestamp":1771679041630,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some children with asthma have low lung growth, putting them at increased risk for COPD later in life. However, it is currently not clear who will experience this adverse growth pattern. We therefore investigated the predictive role of blood eosinophils as a type 2 inflammation marker in lung growth, focusing on the presence and severity of asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated blood eosinophils and lung function growth (percentage of predicted values) using linear mixed models in children and adolescents from two longitudinal cohorts. One cohort was hospital\u2010based and consisted of asthmatic children at their first outpatient clinic visit after referral by the general practitioner (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0133, mean age 9.8), while the second was a general population\u2010based birth cohort (PIAMA, asthma <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a052 and non\u2010asthma <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0433, mean age 8.1). The hospital\u2010based cohort had not been treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) before referral.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects in the hospital\u2010based asthma cohort had more severe asthma compared with the asthmatic subjects in the population\u2010based cohort, defined by lower lung function levels and a higher prevalence of bronchial hyper\u2010responsiveness. In the asthma cohort, higher blood eosinophil numbers were associated with less growth in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (estimated change in lung function per 1 unit increase in ln blood eosinophils (B): \u22120.66%\/year (95% confidence interval (CI): \u22121.11 to \u22120.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01)) and FVC (B: \u22120.40%\/year (95% CI: \u22120.75 to \u22120.05), <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.025)) during follow\u2010up in adolescence (min 7, max 17\u00a0years). These associations were not observed in the general population\u2010based birth cohort, regardless of asthma status during follow\u2010up (age 8\u201316).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood eosinophil counts in children with asthma not treated with ICS at referral were predictive of lower growth in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and FVC during follow\u2010up in adolescence. Our findings indicate that this association is dependent on the degree of asthma severity. Future studies should address whether anti\u2010eosinophilic treatments preserve lung function growth in children with asthma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,2]],"date-time":"2021-01-02T07:57:05Z","timestamp":1609574225000},"page":"556-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Blood eosinophils associate with reduced lung function growth in adolescent asthmatics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-0492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans Jacob L.","family":"Koefoed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology University Medical Center Groningen Beatrix Children's Hospital University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3612-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrike","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Netherlands Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Vonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard H.","family":"Koppelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology University Medical Center Groningen Beatrix Children's Hospital University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0753OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513737"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201606-1272OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01226.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90116-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.3.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1988.11703442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63072-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02536-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.3_Pt_2.S75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010123431501"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Anti\u2010IL5 therapies for asthma","author":"Farne HA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23968"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.06040509","article-title":"Skin reactivity and eosinophil count in relation to the outcome of childhood asthma","volume":"6","author":"Roorda RJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","volume-title":"PIAMA","author":"The PIAMA Research Group"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70069-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9812100"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and lung function until age 16 years: the PIAMA birth cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Milanzi EB","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00143209"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","article-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","volume":"200","author":"American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society","year":"2019","journal-title":"Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. 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