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There are no trials on the efficacy of inhaled beta<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010agonist in this clinical scenario.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study <jats:italic>post hoc<\/jats:italic> the short\u2010term (up to 2\u00a0months) efficacy of inhaled beta<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010agonist with and without oral corticosteroid in the first acute rhinovirus\u2010induced severe wheezing episode in young hospitalized children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population came from two randomized controlled trials comparing oral prednisolone (2\u00a0mg\/kg\/d for 3\u00a0days) to placebo: Vinku (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a035, NCT00494624) used high\u2010dose regular nebulized salbutamol (0.15\u00a0mg\/kg 2\u20134\u00a0h intervals) and Vinku2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060, NCT00731575, EudraCT 2006\u2010007100\u201042) used inhaled salbutamol on\u2010demand. Both studies used identical detailed follow\u2010up assessments. The primary outcome of the former was the duration of hospitalization and of the latter the occurrence of and the time to a new physician\u2010confirmed wheezing episode within 2\u00a0months after discharge. Treatment groups included salbutamol high\u2010dose vs. salbutamol on\u2010demand while adjusting for prednisolone status and acknowledging for interactions with exception of the duration of hospitalization in which prednisolone groups could not be fully used due to protocol differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median age of subjects was 13\u00a0months, 32% were sensitized and 22% had doctor\u2010diagnosed eczema. In the duration of hospitalization, salbutamol high\u2010dose\/placebo versus salbutamol on\u2010demand\/placebo groups did not differ (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.12). In the occurrence of and time to relapse within 2\u00a0months, a significant group\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0treatment interaction was observed (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02), such that high\u2010dose group had less and longer time to relapses than on\u2010demand group in prednisolone arm (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05), but no difference was detected in placebo arm (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a0.26).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In young, hospitalized children with first episode of rhinovirus\u2010induced wheezing, high\u2010dose inhaled salbutamol may interact with oral prednisolone. However, further trials are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13960","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T13:01:24Z","timestamp":1622552484000},"page":"1121-1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Efficacy of inhaled salbutamol with and without prednisolone for first acute rhinovirus\u2010induced wheezing episode"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9748-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pekka","family":"Hurme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiara","family":"Homil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasi","family":"Lehtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Turunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"},{"name":"Children's Hospital Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tero","family":"Vahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5071-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Carlos A.","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. 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