{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:47:14Z","timestamp":1787384834217,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT454856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT454856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1079668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1079668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The heterogeneity of development and progression of eczema suggests multiple underlying subclasses for which aetiology and prognosis may vary. A better understanding may provide a comprehensive overview of eczema development and progression in childhood. Thus, we aimed to determine longitudinal eczema subclasses based on assessments and identify their associations with risk factors and allergic outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 619 participants with a family history of allergic disease were assessed at 24 time\u2010points from birth to 12\u00a0years. At each time, eczema was defined as the report of current rash treated with topical steroid\u2010based preparations. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to determine eczema subclasses. Subsequent analyses using regression models assessed the associations between eczema subclasses and potential risk factors and allergic outcomes at 18\u2010 and 25\u2010year follow\u2010ups (eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic sensitization).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified five eczema subclasses \u2018early\u2010onset persistent\u2019, \u2018early\u2010onset resolving\u2019, \u2018mid\u2010onset persistent\u2019, \u2018mid\u2010onset resolving\u2019 and \u2018minimal eczema\u2019. Filaggrin null mutations were associated with the early\u2010onset persistent (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.58 [1.09\u20136.08]) and mid\u2010onset persistent class (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.58 [1.32\u20135.06]). Compared with \u2018minimal eczema\u2019, participants from early\u2010onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR\u00a0=\u00a011.8 [5.20\u201326.6]) and allergic rhinitis (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.13 [1.43\u20136.85]) at 18 and at 25\u00a0years eczema (OR\u00a0=\u00a09.37 [3.17\u201327.65]), allergic rhinitis (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.26 [1.07\u20139.93]) and asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.91 [1.14\u20137.43]). Likewise, mid\u2010onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.59 [1.31\u20135.14]), allergic rhinitis (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.70 [1.00\u20132.89]) and asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.00 [1.10\u20133.63]) at 18 and at 25\u00a0years eczema (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.75 [3.11\u201314\u201365]), allergic rhinitis (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.74 [1.28\u20135.88]) and asthma (OR\u00a0=\u00a02.50 [1.25\u20135.00]). Allergic and food sensitization in early life was more common in those in the persistent eczema subclasses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified five distinct eczema subclasses. These classes were differentially associated with risk factors, suggesting differences in aetiology, and also with the development of allergic outcomes, highlighting their potential to identify high\u2010risk groups for close monitoring and intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T04:54:25Z","timestamp":1648529665000},"page":"1079-1090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5911-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego J.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-3888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline J.","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinh S.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilakshi T.","family":"Waidyatillake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy and Lung Health Unit The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9954-0538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Abramson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health &amp; 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