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Histopathologic manifestations, which include intraepithelial eosinophilic inflammation and alterations of the esophageal squamous epithelium, such as basal zone hyperplasia (BZH) and dilated intercellular spaces (DIS), are thought to contribute to esophageal dysfunction and disease symptoms. Corroborative clinical and discovery science\u2010based studies have established that EoE is characterized by an underlying allergic inflammatory response, in part, related to the IL\u201013\/CCL26\/eosinophil axis driving dysregulation of several key epithelial barrier and proliferative regulatory genes including kallikrein (KLK) serine proteases, calpain 14 (CAPN14) and anoctamin 1 (ANO1). The contribution of these inflammatory and proliferative processes to the clinical and histological manifestations of disease are not fully elucidated. Herein, we discuss the immune molecules and cells that are thought to underlie the clinical and pathologic manifestations of EoE and the emerging therapeutics targeting these processes for the treatment of EoE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T02:15:17Z","timestamp":1656728117000},"page":"1142-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Eosinophilic esophagitis: Immune mechanisms and therapeutic targets"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Dilawar","family":"Khokhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan 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