{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T01:18:38Z","timestamp":1768094318506,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the skin prick test (SPT) is a reliable procedure to confirm IgE\u2010dependent allergic sensitization in patients, the interpretation of the test is still performed manually, resulting in an error\u2010prone procedure for the diagnosis of allergic diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To design and implement an innovative SPT evaluation framework using a low\u2010cost, portable smartphone thermography, named Thermo\u2010SPT, to significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of SPT outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thermographical images were captured every 60\u2009s for a duration of 0 to 15\u2009min using the FLIR One app, and then analysed with the FLIR Tool<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>. The definition of \u2018<jats:italic>Skin Sensitization Region\u2019<\/jats:italic> area was introduced to analyse the time\u2010lapse thermal changes in skin reactions over several time periods during the SPT. The Allergic Sensitization Index (ASI) and Min\u2013Max Scaler Index (MMS) formulae were also developed to optimize the identification of the peak allergic response time point through the thermal assessment (TA) of allergic rhinitis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In these experimental trials, a statistically significant increase in temperature was detected from the fifth minute of TA for all tested aeroallergens (all  values ). An increase was observed in the number of false\u2010positive cases, where patients with clinical symptoms not consistent with SPT were evaluated as positive on TA assessment, specifically for patients diagnosed with <jats:italic>Phleum pratense<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic>. Our proposed technique, the MMS, has demonstrated improved accuracy in identifying <jats:italic>P. pratense<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. pteronyssinus<\/jats:italic> compared with other SPT evaluation metrics, specifically starting from the fifth minute. For patients diagnosed with <jats:italic>Cat epithelium<\/jats:italic>, although not statistically significant initially, an increasing trend was determined in the results at the 15\u2009min (\u0394<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2212\u2009<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>), ; ASI<jats:sub><jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>15<\/jats:sub>, ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This proposed SPT evaluation framework utilizing a low\u2010cost, smartphone\u2010based thermographical imaging technique can enhance the interpretability of allergic responses during the SPT, potentially reducing the need for extensive manual interpretation experience as standard SPTs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T05:57:49Z","timestamp":1680587869000},"page":"626-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp><i>Thermo\u2010SPT<\/i><\/scp>: A new skin prick test evaluation framework based on low\u2010cost, portable smartphone thermography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7183-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polat","family":"Goktas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD School of Computer Science University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"CeADAR: Centre for Applied Data Analytics Research  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Bilkent University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4528-5404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge","family":"Can\u00a0Bostan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Gulseren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-3004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Erdem","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saltuk Bugra","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6250-2100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru","family":"Damadoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gul","family":"Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Fuat","family":"Kalyoncu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Hacettepe University  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00227-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02728.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62037-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-016-0092-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.746635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2002.1175137"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(72)90025-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2016.60611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-5676-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-019-08814-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Are the IR cameras FLIR\u2010ONE suitable for clinical applications?","volume":"23","author":"Vardasca R","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thermol Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SchmidtM LiebmannF MenenbergM et al.Testing and performance standards for elevated skin temperature (EST) screening systems using infrared cameras Proceedings of SPIE 11741 Infrared Technology and Applications XLVII.2021:1174117. doi:10.1117\/12.2589024","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2589024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Evaluation of allergic response using dynamic thermography","volume":"1","author":"Rokita E","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opto\u2010Electron Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924211008685"}],"container-title":["Clinical &amp; Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.14310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:53:45Z","timestamp":1692467625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cea.14310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cea.14310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.14310","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}