{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:40:54Z","timestamp":1772160054329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,23]],"date-time":"2023-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinguishing phenotypes among children with cough helps understand underlying causes. Using a statistical data\u2010driven approach, we aimed to identify and validate cough phenotypes based on measurable traits, physician diagnoses, and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the Swiss Paediatric Airway Cohort and included 531 children aged 5\u201316\u2009years seen in outpatient clinics since 2017. We included children with any parent\u2010reported cough (i.e. cough without a cold, cough at night, cough more than other children, or cough longer than 4\u2009weeks) without current wheeze. We applied latent class analysis to identify phenotypes using nine symptoms and characteristics and selected the best model using the Akaike information criterion. We assigned children to the most likely phenotype and compared the resulting groups for parental atopy history, comorbidities, spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), skin prick tests and specific IgE, physician diagnoses, and 1\u2010year prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified four cough phenotypes: non\u2010specific cough (26%); non\u2010allergic infectious and night cough with snoring and otitis (4%); chronic allergic dry night cough with snoring (9%); and allergic non\u2010infectious cough with rhino\u2010conjunctivitis (61%). Children with the allergic phenotype often had family or personal history of atopy and asthma diagnosis. FeNO was highest for the allergic phenotype [median 17.9 parts per billion (ppb)] and lowest for the non\u2010allergic infectious phenotype [median 7.0 parts per billion (ppb)]. Positive allergy test results differed across phenotypes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and were most common among the allergic (70%) and least common among the non\u2010specific cough (31%) phenotypes. Subsequent wheeze was more common among the allergic than the non\u2010specific phenotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified four clinically relevant cough phenotypes with different prognoses. Although we excluded children with current wheeze, most children with cough belonged to allergy\u2010related phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,24]],"date-time":"2023-11-24T19:56:38Z","timestamp":1700855798000},"page":"1279-1290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phenotypes of cough in children: A latent class analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3633-8017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Christina","family":"Mallet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva S. L.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Makhoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Health Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Blanchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Service of Pediatrics, Department Woman\u2010Mother\u2010Child, Lausanne University Hospital University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Hoyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinderpneumologie Horgen Private Practice for Pediatric Pneumology  Horgen 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