{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:57:49Z","timestamp":1789433869878,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adherence to rhinitis treatment has been insufficiently assessed. We aimed to use data from the MASK\u2010air mHealth app to assess adherence to oral antihistamines (OAH), intra\u2010nasal corticosteroids (INCS) or azelastine\u2010fluticasone in patients with allergic rhinitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included regular European MASK\u2010air users with self\u2010reported allergic rhinitis and reporting at least 1\u2009day of OAH, INCS or azelastine\u2010fluticasone. We assessed weeks during which patients answered the MASK\u2010air questionnaire on all days. We restricted our analyses to data provided between January and June, to encompass the pollen seasons across the different assessed countries. We analysed symptoms using visual analogue scales (VASs) and the combined symptom\u2010medication score (CSMS), performing stratified analyses by weekly adherence levels. Medication adherence was computed as the proportion of days in which patients reported rhinitis medication use. Sensitivity analyses were performed considering all weeks with at most 1\u2009day of missing data and all months with at most 4\u2009days of missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed 8212 complete weeks (1361 users). Adherence (use of medication &gt;\u200980% days) to specific drug classes ranged from 31.7% weeks for azelastine\u2010fluticasone to 38.5% weeks for OAH. Similar adherence to rhinitis medication was found in users with or without self\u2010reported asthma, except for INCS (better adherence in asthma patients). VAS and CSMS levels increased from no adherence to full adherence, except for INCS. A higher proportion of days with uncontrolled symptoms was observed in weeks with higher adherence. In full adherence weeks, 41.2% days reported rhinitis co\u2010medication. The sensitivity analyses displayed similar results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high adherence was found in patients reporting regular use of MASK\u2010air. Different adherence patterns were found for INCS compared to OAH or azelastine\u2010fluticasone that are likely to impact guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,16]],"date-time":"2025-02-16T21:23:47Z","timestamp":1739741027000},"page":"226-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Adherence to Treatment in Allergic Rhinitis During the Pollen Season in Europe: A MASK\u2010air Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Sousa\u2010Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2013Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE\u2013Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u00edsio M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE, Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Jos\u00e9","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2013Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE\u2013Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludger","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Mainz  Mainz Germany"},{"name":"Center for Rhinology and Allergology  Wiesbaden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wienczyslawa","family":"Czarlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Consulting Czarlewski  Levallois France"},{"name":"ARIA  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4374-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Pfaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg Philipps\u2010Universit\u00e4t Marburg  Marburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bedbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARIA  Montpellier France"},{"name":"MASK\u2010Air SAS  Montpellier France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0233-830X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDCIDS\u2013Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS@RISE\u2013Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School Polytechnic Institute of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Brussino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences University of Torino  Torino Italy"},{"name":"Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit Mauriziano Hospital  Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Violeta","family":"Kvedariene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vilnius University  Vilnius Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree E.","family":"Larenas\u2010Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy M\u00e9dica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital  M\u00e9xico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Iinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chiba University Hospital  Chiba 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Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo  Samborond\u00f3n Ecuador"},{"name":"Respiralab Research Group  Guayaquil Guayas Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemal","family":"Cingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, ENT Department Eskisehir Osmangazi University  Eskisehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7ao ProAR Federal University of Bahia and GARD\/WHO Planning Group  Salvador Bahia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Del 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University Hospital  Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Morais\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Center CUF Descobertas Hospital  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"M\u00f6sges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology University of Cologne  Cologne Germany"},{"name":"ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Niedoszytko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergology Medical University of Gda\u0144sk  Gdansk Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos G.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic University of Athens  Athens 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