{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:46:34Z","timestamp":1787013994953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32170920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mucosal\u2010associated invariant T cells (MAIT) are emerging as important regulators at mucosal surfaces. While these cells have been linked to a Th1\u2010biased immune response and support for B cells, their roles in allergic diseases characterised by type 2 inflammation remain elusive. The study seeks to characterise MAIT cells in house dust mite (HDM)\u2010induced allergic rhinitis (AR) and subsequent allergen immunotherapy (AIT), aiming to elucidate their clinical significance in AR and potential to enhance AIT effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MAIT cells were assessed in patients with AR and individuals undergoing AIT. The ratio and cytokine\u2010producing capacity of these cells were analysed to explore their correlations with AR progression and their responsiveness to HDM extracts and MAIT cell\u2010specific agonists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In AR patients, there was an increase in the ratios of circulating MAIT cells and tonsil follicular T helper\u2010like MAIT cells, alongside a decrease in the IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing MAIT cells. AIT restored their IFN\u2010\u03b3 producing capacity, which was further boosted by T cell receptor (TCR) activation using MAIT cell\u2010specific agonist\u2010loaded artificial antigen\u2010presenting cells (aAPCs). Synergistic effects of aAPCs and HDM enhance MAIT cell activation and IFN\u2010\u03b3 production while reducing HDM\u2010induced IgE levels in PBMC cocultures. Moreover, higher ratios of MAIT cells and IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing MAIT cells correlated with decreased IgE and increased IgG4 and improved clinical outcomes during AIT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the compromised IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010producing MAIT cells in AR and their restoration following AIT and TCR stimulation, highlighting the cell's therapeutic potential and predictive value for clinical outcomes in AR and AIT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T03:41:24Z","timestamp":1743738084000},"page":"403-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Restoration of\n                    <scp>IFN<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b3\u2010Producing\n                    <scp>MAIT<\/scp>\n                    Cell Correlates to Beneficial Allergen Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology  Wuhan 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