{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:06:55Z","timestamp":1771466815565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008977","name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disease. We aimed to assess the secular changes in the cumulative incidence of childhood AD and its risk factors over a decade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from two methodologically similar cohort studies in Ulm, Germany, the Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS, recruited in 2000\/2001) and the Ulm SPATZ Health Study (recruited in 2012\/2013). The cumulative incidences of AD as reported by their family physicians and parents up to the age of 4\u2009years were compared by log\u2010rank test across the two cohorts, using propensity score\u2013based weighting to control confounders. We fitted multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the factors associated with the occurrence of physician\u2010 and parent\u2010reported AD and compared the results between the two cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 4\u2010year cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) of physician\u2010reported AD (27.4% (24.4%\u201330.5%) in UBCS [2000\/2001] vs. 26.4% (22.8%\u201330.2%) in SPATZ [2012\/2013],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.728) and parent\u2010reported AD (14.5% (12.2%\u201317.0%) in UBCS [2000\/2001] vs. 16.7% (14.0%\u201319.7%) in SPATZ [2012\/2013],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20090.211) remained stable between the two cohorts after propensity score\u2013based weighting. We observed the changes in the association between AD and certain risk factors (e.g., family history of AD and infantile antibiotic use) over the decade, but the results need to be interpreted with caution due to the limited sample size, relatively high attrition rate and demographic differences between the two cohorts.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the decade, childhood AD incidence remained stable. Further studies are needed to verify whether there is a growing importance of environmental and microbiota\u2010related factors for AD development over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T21:50:53Z","timestamp":1745877053000},"page":"469-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Incidence and Risk Factors Over Time: Results From Two German Birth Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Zhuoxin","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty, Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda P.","family":"Siziba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty, Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Wernecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Ulm  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietrich","family":"Rothenbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Ulm  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-1528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"Genuneit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics Medical Faculty, Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry Ulm University  Ulm Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), Partner Site Leipzig  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3569"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.899"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00114514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41847"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13245"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Atopic Dermatitis in Children Under 5: Prevalence Trends in Central, Eastern, and Western Europe","volume":"10","author":"Ilic I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Children (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdin.2020.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40521-021-00289-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13855"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2009.02080.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328778"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-024-01104-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.08.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","article-title":"Interventions to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus in the Management of Eczema","volume":"2019","author":"George S. 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