{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T21:06:23Z","timestamp":1788815183484,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mislabelled drug allergy (DA) remains a global public health challenge. A prior randomised trial (ADAPT) demonstrated that an intensive educational course improved DA knowledge and confidence among non\u2010specialists. However, ADAPT was restricted to English\u2010speaking participants and its generalisability remains unknown. To address this, a multinational implementation study expanding ADAPT (ADAPT\u20102) was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010allergist physicians from Colombo (Sri Lanka), Guangzhou and Shenzhen (Mainland China), Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) and Perth (Australia) completed a standardised DA educational course. In Mainland China, training was delivered via AI\u2010assisted video localisation (converted into Mandarin while preserving the speaker's voice with lip\u2010synced adaptation). DA knowledge, confidence and practice were assessed before and after completion. Subgroup analyses compared pre\u2013post changes between Advanced Economies (AE: Australia, Hong Kong) and Emerging Economies (EE: Mainland China, Sri Lanka).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 181 participants, overall baseline knowledge (53.5%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.2%) and confidence (47.5%\u2009\u00b1\u200922.7%) scores were suboptimal. EE participants had a lower knowledge level than AE (49.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200915.5% vs. 70.1%\u2009\u00b1\u200912.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p\u2009&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20090.001). Following ADAPT\u20102, both knowledge (72.5%\u2009\u00b1\u200916.0%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and confidence (71.3%\u2009\u00b1\u200917.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) scores significantly improved across all groups. ADAPT\u20102 delivered by AI\u2010assisted video localisation was non\u2010inferior to the English course in effectiveness (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) and achieved high participant satisfaction (98.9% as \u2018somewhat clear\u2019 or better in clarity).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deficits in DA knowledge persist widely among non\u2010specialists, with marked disparities between AE and EE. ADAPT\u20102 bridged these gaps by universal improvements in both DA knowledge and confidence. AI\u2010assisted training represents a scalable, equitable strategy for global implementation of standardised and evidence\u2010based DA education.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADAPT: NCT06399601<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:40:28Z","timestamp":1768956028000},"page":"137-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bridging Global Disparities in Drug Allergy Through\n                    <scp>AI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Assisted Training for Non\u2010Specialists: Findings From the Multinational\n                    <scp>ADAPT<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Course"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo W. F.","family":"Mak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy and Immunology West China Hospital, Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freya K. L.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine T. Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inoka Sepali","family":"Aberathna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uvini","family":"Amarasekara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thushali N. D.","family":"Ranasinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeewantha","family":"Jayamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qintai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology &amp; Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine University of Hong Kong\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5073-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin\u2010Xian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology &amp; Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine University of Hong Kong\u2010Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen Guangdong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishabh","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology SCGH and PCH  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonny Grant","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Allergy and Immunology Unit University of Cape Town Lung Institute  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5111-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Trubiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre for Antibiotic Allergy and Research Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Infections in Cancer Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal Chandima","family":"Jeewandara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Immunology and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine University of Sri Jayewardenepura  Nugegoda Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School University of Western Australia  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology SCGH and PCH  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Immunology Pathwest Laboratory Medicine  Nedlands Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip H.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology &amp; 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