{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:13:15Z","timestamp":1778253195223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is common and impairs quality of life. Various non\u2010pharmacological interventions have been identified, but there is a lack of agreement regarding essential treatment components and delivery methods. This study aimed to gain consensus from experts and people with DB regarding the critical components, optimal format and delivery methods of non\u2010pharmacological DB interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A two\u2010round Delphi process was conducted involving international experts, with each round followed by a consumer focus group. Online surveys were distributed using the Qualtrics platform. Components were defined as essential (median \u2265\u20094 on a 5\u2010point Likert scale, interquartile range [IQR]\u2009=\u20090), desirable (median\u2009=\u20095, IQR >\u20090), or optional (median\u2009=\u20094, IQR >\u20090). In the 2nd round, components with a median score \u2264\u20093 and IQR\u2009=\u20090 were eliminated, and components without consensus (IQR >\u20090) were rescored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Participants in Round 1 included 46 experts and 5 focus group patients with DB, and in Round 2, 44 experts and 4 patients. Essential components for treating DB were a comprehensive assessment, breathing retraining with or without biofeedback, education, manual therapy, psychological therapy, and home practice of techniques. Desirable components were individualised home programs and information materials, and re\u2010assessment. Optional components were individualised modes of treatment delivery and exercise therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study identified five essential interventions for treating DB, with assessment and home practice essential for treatment delivery. Individualisation of interventions and treatment format is suggested. The findings provide a basis for the development of treatment options for people with DB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T04:09:42Z","timestamp":1771301382000},"page":"538-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal Treatment for Dysfunctional Breathing in Adults: An International Delphi Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2332-4417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet","family":"Bondarenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research@Alfred Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0830-7667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Bremner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research@Alfred Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-8872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brenda","family":"Button","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiotherapy Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7498-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Hew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research@Alfred Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-845X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne E.","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research@Alfred Monash University Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Alfred Health Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Breathing and Sleep Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0088-2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.58.2.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.007216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-699X.2007.00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7294.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12838"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","article-title":"Breathing Exercises for Dysfunctional Breathing\/Hyperventilation Syndrome in Adults","volume":"5","author":"Jones M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"2062","article-title":"Nonpharmacological Interventions for Dysfunctional Breathing in Adults: A Systematic Review","volume":"25","author":"Bondarenko J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACI: In Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2009.16.2.38892"}],"container-title":["Clinical & Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.70247","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cea.70247","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.70247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:39:16Z","timestamp":1778251156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cea.70247"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cea.70247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.70247","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}