{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:27:01Z","timestamp":1788276421407,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["409525714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["409525714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peanut (PN) allergy is an IgE\u2010mediated hypersensitivity with a deviated adaptive immune response dominated by IgE\u2010producing B cells and type 2\u2009T cells (Th2). The in\u00a0vivo immune response upon antigen encounter, for example, after oral food challenge (OFC), has not been investigated over prolonged timeframes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here, we investigated the kinetics of allergen\u2010specific adaptive immune responses in PN\u2010allergic and non\u2010allergic adults before OFC (d0) and thereafter at d7, d14, d21, d28 by determining PN\u2010specific CD40L\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      4\u20101BB\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      conventional (Tconv) and FoxP3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      Helios\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD40L\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      4\u20101BB\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      regulatory T cells (Treg), Ara h 2\u2010specific B cells and PN\u2010specific sIgE and sIgG4 antibody levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In PN\u2010allergic donors, PN sIgE levels increased until d28 after OFC, but to a variable extent. This variability was associated with a differential increase of Ara h 2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells at d7, based on which we identified strong and weak responders (SR and WR). SR exhibited a more pronounced increase of PN sIgE, stronger in\u00a0vivo activation of T and B cells (HLA\u2010DR\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , Ki\u201067\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD21\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), as well as prominent induction of the low\u2010affinity IgE receptor CD23 in Ara h 2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells. In contrast, WR exhibited strong activation of PN\u2010specific Tregs at d7. At baseline, SR and WR differed regarding Ara h 2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      memory B cells and frequencies of Th2 and type 2\u2010driving Helios\u2010expressing PN\u2010specific Tconv. Minor changes in Th1 cells were also observed in non\u2010allergic donors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results indicate differential adaptive immune responses towards OFC in PN\u2010allergic adults. In summary, SR displayed a more allergy\u2010maintaining immune response, while WR displayed a rather suppressive immune response. Underlying responsible factors such as genetics, as well as clinical consequences, will require further investigation in larger cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:26:24Z","timestamp":1773005184000},"page":"1063-1075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diverging in Vivo Immune Response Patterns After Oral Food Challenge in Peanut Allergic Adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Florent","family":"Fauch\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Si\u2010M \/ \u201cDer Simulierte Mensch\u201d a Science Framework of Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Germany"},{"name":"BIH Center of Immunomics, Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Germany"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterina","family":"Alexiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"H\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-0709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"D\u00f6lle\u2010Bierke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  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