{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:19Z","timestamp":1790208019871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82305044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82305044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Storage mites are important contributors to allergic diseases, yet their allergens remain poorly characterized compared to those of house dust mites. Comprehensive molecular data on storage mite allergens are limited, hindering improved diagnosis and understanding of their allergenic potential.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We assembled and annotated the genomes of three storage mite species,\n Acarus siro<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Chortoglyphus arcuatus<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Carpoglyphus lactis<\/jats:italic>\n . Comprehensive allergen profiling was performed using integrated genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. Putative allergen genes were identified and classified into allergen groups. IgE\u2010binding capacity of selected allergens was validated using ELISA assays. In addition, the immunostimulatory potential of newly identified allergens was assessed by measuring IL\u20106 production in a dendritic cell line.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified 75, 70 and 64 putative allergen genes in\n A. siro<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n C. arcuatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n C. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , corresponding to 33, 31 and 32 allergen groups, respectively. Extensive gene family expansions and multiple isoallergens were observed, particularly, among Group 2 allergens belonging to the NPC2 family. ELISA IgE\u2010binding assays validated four Group 2 allergens in\n A. siro<\/jats:italic>\n and one in each of\n \n C. arcuatus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n \n C. lactis<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . Notably, these newly identified Group 2 allergens significantly induced the production of the pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine IL\u20106 in a dendritic cell line.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This study provides a comprehensive genomic and proteomic characterization of storage mite allergens and identifies previously unrecognized Group 2 allergens with IgE\u2010binding and immunostimulatory capacity. These findings establish a foundational resource for improved diagnosis of storage mite allergy and support future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying mite allergenicity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:10:26Z","timestamp":1790205026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing Allergen Profiles and Identifying Group 2 Allergens of Three Storage Mites:\n Acarus siro<\/i>\n ,\n Chortoglyphus arcuatus<\/i>\n and\n Carpoglyphus lactis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Shenzhen University Division, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4004-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Xuan","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Shenzhen University Division, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9973-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin Fu\u2010Kiu","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runnan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Shenzhen University Division, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie Wing\u2010Tung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilman Kit\u2010Hang","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1275-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin Wang\u2010Ngai","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1337-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fook Tim","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6469-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting Fan","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1671-0723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel B.","family":"Klimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0686-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Kwok\u2010Wing","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"},{"name":"Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"},{"name":"Centre for Microbial Genomics and Proteomics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-166X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Hubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Czech Agrifood Research Center Praha Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6000-4677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814043-7.00026-1","volume-title":"Medical and Veterinary Entomology","author":"Mullen G. R.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syt008","article-title":"Is Permanent Parasitism Reversible?\u2014Critical Evidence From Early Evolution of House Dust Mites","volume":"62","author":"Klimov P. B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Allergen Sensitisation in Asthmatic Children: Consecutive Case Series","volume":"6","author":"Leung T. F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203720666190719150432","article-title":"A Mini\u2010Review of the Genomes and Allergens of Mites and Ticks","volume":"21","author":"Xiong Q.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Protein & Peptide Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac097","article-title":"Comparative Genomics Reveals Insights Into the Divergent Evolution of Astigmatic Mites and Household Pest Adaptations","volume":"39","author":"Xiong Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Indications for House Dust Mite Allergen\u2010Specific Immunotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Leung C. W. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hong Kong Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.03.003","article-title":"WHO\/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature: Providing a Common Language","volume":"100","author":"Pom\u00e9s A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s40629-022-00226-5","article-title":"Allergens From House Dust and Storage Mites","volume":"31","author":"Vrtala S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergo Journal International"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Aeroallergen Sensitization and Allergic Disease Phenotypes in Asia","volume":"34","author":"Tham E. H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01094.x","article-title":"Mite Component\u2013Specific IgE Repertoire and Phenotypes of Allergic Disease in Childhood: The Tropical Perspective","volume":"22","author":"Kidon M. I.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2023.11.004","article-title":"Genomic Analysis Reveals Novel Allergens of Blomia tropicalis","volume":"73","author":"Xiong Q.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergology International: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12302","article-title":"Predicting Blomia Tropicalis Allergens Using a Multiomics Approach","volume":"13","author":"Hubert J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115833","article-title":"Genome\u2010Wide Characterization of Blomia Tropicalis Allergenome: Chromosome\u2010Level Assembly, Bioinformatics Insights, and Clinical Validation of Novel Allergens","volume":"168","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2026","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15656","article-title":"Chromosome\u2010Level Genomic Assembly and Allergome Inference Reveal Novel Allergens in Tyrophagus putrescentiae","volume":"78","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14418","article-title":"Multi\u2010Omic Analysis of Tyrophagus Putrescentiae Reveals Insights Into the Allergen Complexity of Storage Mites","volume":"54","author":"Wan A. T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5414\/ALX02415E","article-title":"Oral Mite Anaphylaxis (Pancake Syndrome) Caused by Storage Mite Acarus siro and Its Treatment With Allergen Immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Preiser\u2010Funke T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergol Select"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60014-2","article-title":"In Vivo and In\u00a0Vitro Allergenicity of the Domestic Mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus","volume":"97","author":"Boquete M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1080\/19440049.2011.584911","article-title":"Emerging Risk of Infestation and Contamination of Dried Fruits by Mites in The Czech Republic","volume":"28","author":"Hubert J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105286","article-title":"Analysis of Results of Specific IgE in 100 Atopic Dermatitis Patients With the Use of Multiplex Examination ALEX2\u2010Allergy Explorer","volume":"22","author":"\u010celakovsk\u00e1 J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2006.44.3.259","article-title":"House Dust Mite Fauna in Western Anatolia, Turkey","volume":"44","author":"Ciftci I. H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2014.10.005","article-title":"Different Sensitization to Storage Mites Depending on the Co\u2010Exposure to House Dust Mites","volume":"114","author":"Morales M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1159\/000024204","article-title":"Identification and Characterisation of Two Allergens From the Dust Mite Acarus siro, Homologous With Fatty Acid\u2010Binding Proteins","volume":"119","author":"Eriksson T. L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Archives of Allergy and Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.10.004","article-title":"Cloning and Characterization of Tropomyosin From the Mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus","volume":"68","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Matas M. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"2518","article-title":"The Integrity of a Cholesterol\u2010Binding Pocket in Niemann\u2010Pick C2 Protein Is Necessary to Control Lysosome Cholesterol Levels","volume":"100","author":"Ko D. C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"7229","key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07548","article-title":"Allergenicity Resulting From Functional Mimicry of a Toll\u2010Like Receptor Complex Protein","volume":"457","author":"Trompette A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13192","article-title":"Der f 35: An MD\u20102\u2010Like House Dust Mite Allergen That Cross\u2010Reacts With Der f 2 and Pso o 2","volume":"72","author":"Fujimura T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.02.032","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of a Novel Allergen From Blomia Tropicalis: Blo t 21","volume":"120","author":"Gao Y. F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.112264","article-title":"Cross\u2010Reactivity Studies of a New Group 2 Allergen From the Dust Mite Glycyphagus Domesticus, Gly d 2, and Group 2 Allergens From Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, Lepidoglyphus Destructor, and Tyrophagus Putrescentiae With Recombinant Allergens","volume":"107","author":"Gafvelin G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2015.05.004","article-title":"Hierarchy and Molecular Properties of House Dust Mite Allergens","volume":"64","author":"Thomas W. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergology International"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108434","article-title":"Structural Biology of Allergens","volume":"106","author":"Aalberse R. C.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12324","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Cysteine Proteases Reveals Gene Family Evolution of the Group 1 Allergens in Astigmatic Mites","volume":"13","author":"Shi L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Translational Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2024.1454292","article-title":"The Acari Hypothesis, V: Deciphering Allergenicity","volume":"5","author":"Retzinger A. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Allergy"}],"container-title":["Clinical & Experimental Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.70438","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cea.70438","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cea.70438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:10:31Z","timestamp":1790205031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cea.70438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/cea.70438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cea.70438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-7894","1365-2222"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-7894","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2222","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cea.70438"}}