{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:04:30Z","timestamp":1790665470461,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Experimental Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma and allergic diseases represent a substantial global health burden, frequently compounded by the modern epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome to create a complex immunometabolic challenge. The emerging epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic framework linking environmental exposures to systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Standard therapies often fail to address these underlying systemic drivers, particularly in difficult\u2010to\u2010treat phenotypes like obesity\u2010related asthma. This review explores the dual\u2010action potential of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RA) as a novel therapeutic strategy. Beyond their established roles in glycemic control and weight loss, GLP\u20101RA exert direct, weight\u2010independent immunomodulatory effects. Mechanistic evidence demonstrates that the GLP\u20101 receptor (GLP\u20101R) is expressed on key immune cells, including eosinophils, macrophages, and Group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Agonism of these receptors suppresses Type 2 (T2) inflammation by reducing cytokine production (IL\u20105, IL\u201013) and upstream alarmins (IL\u201033). Furthermore, GLP\u20101R signalling enhances regulatory T cell function and may restore epithelial barrier integrity in both the gut and airways. Clinical observations suggest that GLP\u20101RA initiation improves asthma control and reduces exacerbations, often independently of body mass index reduction. However, prospective trials utilizing specific T2 biomarkers are needed to confirm these direct cellular mechanisms in humans. Transitioning to an immunometabolic approach with GLP\u20101RA may offer a comprehensive solution for patients at the intersection of metabolic and allergic disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.70442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:42:43Z","timestamp":1790664163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Glucagon\u2010Like Peptide\u20101 Receptor Agonists in Allergic Inflammation and Asthma: A Mechanistic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7417-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Alvarez\u2010Perea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8937-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Entrala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5842-272X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Palomino\u2010Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9990-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Mazariego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Zambrano Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Service Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n Health Research Institute  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02094-2020","article-title":"Trends in Worldwide Asthma Prevalence","volume":"56","author":"Asher M. 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