{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:19:50Z","timestamp":1778566790548,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Autoimmunity has been suggested as a possible cause of this disease. The cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1, COX-2) are the key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key product of COX-2, has an immunomodulatory role.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To map levels of COX-2 and PGE2 in cutaneous LP lesions and evaluate their role in the pathogenesis of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 31 patients with classic cutaneous LP and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Skin biopsies were taken from the lesional and nonlesional skin of patients, and from the normal skin of controls. COX-2 mRNA expression was detected by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR, and PGE2 was detected by ELISA in skin biopsies from patients and controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of COX-2 mRNA and PGE2 in the LP skin biopsies compared with the control biopsies (P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). Lesional biopsies showed significantly higher expression of COX-2 mRNA and PGE2 compared with nonlesional biopsies. The levels of COX-2 and PGE2 were not found to be correlated with age, sex or disease duration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COX-2 and its product PGE2 are strongly expressed in LP skin lesions, indicating that they have a role in the pathogenesis of LP through their immunomodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]],"date-time":"2015-05-18T05:09:20Z","timestamp":1431925760000},"page":"903-907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The role of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"A. A.","family":"El-Rifaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Faculty of Medicine Beni Suef University Beni Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Rashed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department Faculty of Medicine Beni Suef University Beni Suef Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041918583345900_ced12663-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(91)70241-S","article-title":"Lichen planus","volume":"25","author":"Boyd","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023041918583345900_ced12663-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63649-8","article-title":"Infiltrating CD8 + T cells in oral lichen planus predominantly express CCR5 and CXCR3 and carry respective chemokine ligands RANTES\/CCL5 and IP-10\/CXCL10 in their cytolytic granules: a potential self-recruiting mechanism","volume":"163","author":"Iijima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J 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