{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:11:32Z","timestamp":1791216692570,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]],"date-time":"2013-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Actelion Pharmaceuticals Nederland BV"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to test the hypothesis that circulating anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) of PAH patients induce EC apoptosis. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G was purified from sera of PAH patients (n\u2009=\u200926), patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis without PAH (n\u2009=\u200916), patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without PAH (n\u2009=\u200958) and healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200914). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with patient or healthy control IgG for 24\u2009h. Thereafter, apoptosis was quantified by annexin A5 binding and hypoploid cell enumeration by flow cytometry. Furthermore, real-time cell electronic sensing (RT\u2013CES\u2122) technology was used to monitor the effects of purified IgG from patient and healthy control IgG on HUVECs. As demonstrated previously, IgG of AECA-positive SLE nephritis patients (n\u2009=\u20097) induced a higher percentage of apoptosis of HUVECs compared to IgG of AECA-negative SLE nephritis patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, IgG of AECA-positive SLE nephritis patients induced a marked decrease in cell index as assessed by RT\u2013CES\u2122 technology. IgG of AECA-positive PAH patients (n\u2009=\u200912) and SSc patients (n\u2009=\u200913) did not alter the percentage of HUVEC apoptosis or cell index compared to IgG of AECA-negative PAH and SSc patients and healthy controls. AECA-positive PAH patients, in contrast to SLE nephritis patients, do not have circulating IgG AECA that enhances apoptosis of HUVECs\u2005in vitro. Further studies should focus on other mechanisms by which AECA may enhance EC apoptosis in PAH, such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T13:13:54Z","timestamp":1372684434000},"page":"433-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Immunoglobulin G anti-endothelial cell antibodies: inducers of endothelial cell apoptosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"S J","family":"Arends","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J G M C","family":"Damoiseaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Duijvestijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Debrus-Palmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Vroomen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Boomars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H-P","family":"Brunner-La Rocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C P M","family":"Reutelingsperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J W","family":"Cohen Tervaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"van Paassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine\/Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122009581260800_cei12166-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701093360207","article-title":"Primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"336","author":"Rubin","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2021122009581260800_cei12166-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.78S","article-title":"Prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension*: ACCP evidence-based practice 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