{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:53:52Z","timestamp":1792083232231,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]],"date-time":"2013-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"K\u00f6ln Fortune Programm"},{"name":"Imhoff-Stiftung"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In various autoimmune diseases, anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 treatment has been shown to reduce both clinical disease severity and T helper type 1 (Th1)1\/Th17 responses. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), however, the role of TNF-\u03b1 has remained unclear. Here, C57BL\/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35\u201355 and treated with anti-TNF-\u03b1, control antibody or vehicle. The clinical disease course, incidence and severity were assessed. On day 20 after immunization the antigen-specific Th1\/Th17 response was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) in spleen and central nervous system (CNS). Also, the extent of spinal cord histopathology was analysed on semi- and ultrathin sections. Our results demonstrate that anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment reduced the incidence and delayed the onset of EAE, but had no effect on disease severity once EAE had been established. Whereas anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment induced an increase in splenic Th1\/Th17 responses, there was no effect on the number of antigen-specific Th1\/Th17 cells in the spinal cord. Accordingly, the degree of CNS histopathology was comparable in control and anti-TNF-\u03b1-treated mice. In conclusion, while the anti-TNF-\u03b1 treatment had neither immunosuppressive effects on the Th1\/Th17 response in the CNS nor histoprotective properties in EAE, it enhanced the myelin-specific T cell response in the immune periphery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1381539765000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Blockade of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reveals differential effects on the antigen-specific immune response and central nervous system histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Batoulis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M S","family":"Recks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F O","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Thomalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R O","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kuerten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021608724117","article-title":"Expression of the p75 TNF receptor is linked to TNF-induced NFkappaB translocation and oxyradical neutralization in glial cells","volume":"27","author":"Dopp","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-1253","article-title":"Differential activation of tumor necrosis factor receptors distinguishes between brains from Alzheimer's disease and non-demented patients","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3030","article-title":"TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases","volume":"9","author":"Faustman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(02)00019-9","article-title":"Role of TNF\/TNFR in autoimmunity: specific TNF receptor blockade may be advantageous to anti-TNF treatments","volume":"13","author":"Kollias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.163","article-title":"Anti-TNF alpha therapy of rheumatoid arthritis: what have we learned?","volume":"19","author":"Feldmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200111000-00008","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa and Crohn's disease: response to treatment with infliximab","volume":"7","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23333","article-title":"The comparative one-year performance of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: results from a longitudinal, observational, multicenter study","volume":"59","author":"Heiberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2021122010005689900_cei12209-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67566-6","article-title":"EXPRESS study investigators. 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