{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T19:01:34Z","timestamp":1783105294638,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2721,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"State of S\u00e3o Paulo Foundation for Research Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/54549-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/54549-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Brazilian Council of Scientific and Technologic Development"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (\u03b1-MSH) is a neuropeptide exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, no studies thus far have examined the effects of \u03b1-MSH on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to determine the effects of an \u03b1-MSH agonist in induced murine lupus. Here we employed female Balb\/cAn mice in which lupus was induced by pristane. Groups of lupus animals were treated daily with the \u03b1-MSH analogue [Nle4, DPhe7]-\u03b1-MSH (NDP\u2013MSH) (1\u00b725 mg\/kg) injected intraperitoneally or saline for 180 days. Normal animals comprised the control group. Arthritis incidence, plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)G isotypes, anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and plasma cytokines were evaluated. Renal function was assessed by proteinuria and histopathological lesion. Glomerular levels of IgG, \u03b1-smooth muscle actin (\u03b1-SMA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C3, CD3, melanocortin receptors (MCR)1, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and \u03b1-MSH was estimated by immunohistochemistry. When compared with normal controls, lupus animals exhibited increased arthritis, IgG levels, ANA, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, proteinuria and mesangial cell proliferation together with glomerular expression of \u03b1-SMA and iNOS. Glomerular expression of MCR1 was reduced in lupus animals. NDP-MSH treatment reduced arthritis scores by 70% and also diminished IgG1 and IgG2a levels and ANA incidence. In the glomerulus, NDP\u2013MSH treatment reduced cellularity by 50% together with reducing IgG deposits, and expression levels of \u03b1-SMA, iNOS and CRF were also all decreased. Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that \u03b1-MSH treatment improves several parameters of SLE disease activity in mice, and indicate that this hormone is an interesting potential future treatment option.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T05:35:46Z","timestamp":1395725746000},"page":"381-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone ameliorates disease activity in an induced murine lupus-like model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"D A C","family":"Botte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I L","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M A C","family":"Malheiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T V","family":"Peixoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7041-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S B V","family":"de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo , S\u00e3o Paulo,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2010.08.015","article-title":"Autoimmunity and chronic inflammation \u2013 two clearance-related steps in the etiopathogenesis of SLE","volume":"10","author":"Munoz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2009.240","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: lessons from murine models","volume":"6","author":"Davidson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-013-0394-4","article-title":"Lupus nephritis: review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Zubair","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038059","article-title":"Increase of sympathetic outflow measured by neuropeptide Y and decrease of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal axis tone in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: another example of uncoupling of response systems","volume":"65","author":"Harle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1998.0535","article-title":"Alterations in hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal function correlated with the onset of murine SLE in MRL+\/+ and lpr\/lpr mice","volume":"13","author":"Shanks","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0006","first-page":"91","article-title":"Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)","volume":"12","author":"Bomback","year":"2011","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6354-3_7","article-title":"Melanocortin control of cell trafficking in vascular inflammation","volume":"681","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.04.001","article-title":"Melanocortins as potential therapeutic agents in severe hypoxic conditions","volume":"33","author":"Giuliani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026041420240246100_cei12336-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05389.x","article-title":"Neuropeptide regulation of immunity. 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