{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:53:21Z","timestamp":1777002801900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Common autoimmune disorders tend to co-exist in the same subjects and cluster in families. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoimmune co-morbidity in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with and without thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic tertiary referral centre. Of 1310 patients with AITD [n = 777 or 59% with Graves' disease (GD) and n = 533, 41% with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)] followed at a specialized joint thyroid\u2013eye out-patient clinic, 176 (13\u00b74%) had an adult type of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, 129 (9\u00b78%) type 1 diabetes, 111 (8\u00b75%) coeliac disease, 60 (4\u00b76%) type A autoimmune gastritis, 57 (4\u00b74%) vitiligo and 25 (1\u00b79%) Addison's disease. Coeliac disease and autoimmune gastritis were associated positively with GD [odds ratio (OR) = 2\u00b718; P = 0\u00b7002 and OR = 6\u00b752; P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001], whereas type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease, autoimmune primary hypogonadism, alopecia areata, rheumatoid arthritis and Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome were \u2018protective\u2019 for GD and thus linked to HT, OR = 0\u00b749 (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001), 0\u00b706 (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001), 0\u00b725 (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001), 0\u00b750 (P = 0\u00b7090) and 0\u00b732 (P = 0\u00b7003), respectively. Of 610 (46\u00b76%) AITD patients with TAO, 584 (95\u00b77%) and 26 (4\u00b73%) had GD and HT, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). TAO was most prevalent in GD patients with coeliac disease (94%, OR = 1\u00b787, P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Multivariate analysis showed high OR for coeliac disease and autoimmune gastritis (3\u00b74 and 4\u00b703, both P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001) pertaining to the association with TAO while type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease and alopecia areata were protective for TAO. In patients with TAO, coeliac disease is the most prevalent co-morbid autoimmune condition and rates are increased compared to GD patients without TAO.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T11:18:45Z","timestamp":1401967125000},"page":"57-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is linked to gastrointestinal autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"K A","family":"Ponto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Schuppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Zwiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mirshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Diana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Pitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G J","family":"Kahaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122010101830400_cei12395-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2291","article-title":"Clinical review: 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