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IL-1\u03b2 is produced mainly by monocytes (MO), and hyperglycaemia may be able to modulate, in the cytoplasm of these cells, the assembly of a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin (NLRP3)-inflammosome, a cytosolic multi-protein platform where the inactive pro-IL-1\u03b2 is cleaved into active form, via caspase-1 activity. In this paper, we evaluated the production of IL-1 \u03b2 and TNF, in peripheral blood MO of patients affected by RA or T2D or both diseases, in order to understand if an alteration of the glucose metabolism may influence their proinflammatory status. Our data showed, after 24 h of incubation with different glucose concentrations, a significantly increased production of IL-1\u03b2 and TNF in all evaluated groups when compared with healthy controls. However, a significant increase of IL-1\u03b2 secretion by T2D\/RA was observed when compared with other groups. The analysis of relative mRNA expression confirmed these data. After 24 h of incubation with different concentrations of glucose, our results showed a significant increase in NLRP3 expression. In this work, an increased production of IL-1\u03b2 by MO obtained from patients affected by both RA and T2D via NLRP3-inflammasome activation may suggest a potential IL-1\u03b2 targeted therapy in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,19]],"date-time":"2015-06-19T14:42:20Z","timestamp":1434724940000},"page":"35-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus display an increased production of interleukin (IL)-1<b>\u03b2<\/b>via the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin 3(NLRP3)-inflammasome activation: a possible implication for therapeutic decision in these patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Ruscitti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Di Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Liakouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Berardicurti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Carubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Ciccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Alvaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied 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