{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:24:09Z","timestamp":1790519049381,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56 AI043003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AI043003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03 AI103812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 AI103812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AI107419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AI107419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"James W. McLaughlin Predoctoral Fellowship and Blocker Scholar Fellowship in Biomedical Research to E.C"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease that causes substantial morbidity and considerable mortality in many developing areas of the world. Recent estimates suggest that roughly 10 million people suffer from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and approximately 76 000 are afflicted with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is universally fatal without treatment. Efforts to develop therapeutics and vaccines have been greatly hampered by an incomplete understanding of the parasite's biology and a lack of clear protective correlates that must be met in order to achieve immunity. Although parasites grow and divide preferentially in macrophages, a number of other cell types interact with and internalize Leishmania parasites, including monocytes, dendritic cells and neutrophils. Neutrophils appear to be especially important shortly after parasites are introduced into the skin, and may serve a dual protective and permissive role during the establishment of infection. Curiously, neutrophil recruitment to the site of infection appears to continue into the chronic phase of disease, which may persist for many years. The immunological impact of these cells during chronic leishmaniasis is unclear at this time. In this review we discuss the ways in which neutrophils have been observed to prevent and promote the establishment of infection, examine the role of anti-neutrophil antibodies in mouse models of leishmaniasis and consider recent findings that neutrophils may play a previously unrecognized role in influencing chronic parasite persistence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,30]],"date-time":"2015-06-30T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1435706119000},"page":"109-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Permissive and protective roles for neutrophils in leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"E D","family":"Carlsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, MD\u2013PhD Combined Degree Program"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T R","family":"Shelite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D H","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Melby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Soong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2012.05709.x","article-title":"Intermediate\/borderline disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"52","author":"Paniz Mondolfi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00058","article-title":"Subversion and utilization of host innate defense by Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"3","author":"Soong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1086\/382135","article-title":"Persistence of Leishmania parasites in scars after clinical cure of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: is there a sterile cure?","volume":"189","author":"Mendonca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.03096.x","article-title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis reactivation 2 years after treatment caused by systemic corticosteroids \u2013 first report","volume":"46","author":"Tuon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-013-8389-8","article-title":"The immunology of Leishmania\/HIV co-infection","volume":"56","author":"Okwor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct116","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: clinical syndromes and treatment","volume":"107","author":"McGwire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2182","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002182","article-title":"Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Belo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-3139-9","article-title":"Prognostic factors for death from visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, Brazil","volume":"31","author":"Werneck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159194","article-title":"In vivo imaging reveals an essential role for neutrophils in leishmaniasis transmitted by sand flies","volume":"321","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00075-1","article-title":"Neutrophil granulocytes \u2013 Trojan horses for Leishmania major and other intracellular microbes?","volume":"11","author":"Laskay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0706440","article-title":"Leishmania major induces distinct neutrophil phenotypes in mice that are resistant or susceptible to infection","volume":"82","author":"Charmoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.02.001","article-title":"The involvement of neutrophils in the resistance to Leishmania major infection in susceptible but not in resistant mice","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000893","article-title":"Leishmania donovani promastigotes evade the antimicrobial activity of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"185","author":"Gabriel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0014","first-page":"100","article-title":"Trafficking of Leishmania donovani promastigotes in non-lytic compartments in neutrophils enables the subsequent transfer of parasites to macrophages","volume":"10","author":"Gueirard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.826-835.2002","article-title":"Intracellular survival of Leishmania major in neutrophil granulocytes after uptake in the absence of heat-labile serum factors","volume":"70","author":"Laufs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01388-07","article-title":"Neutrophils contribute to development of a protective immune response during onset of infection with Leishmania donovani","volume":"76","author":"McFarlane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34528","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.125302","article-title":"Selective fusion of azurophilic granules with Leishmania-containing phagosomes in human neutrophils","volume":"285","author":"Mollinedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002536","article-title":"Efficient capture of infected neutrophils by dendritic cells in the skin inhibits the early anti-Leishmania response","volume":"8","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00059","article-title":"The influence of early neutrophil-Leishmania interactions on the host immune response to infection","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2628","article-title":"An immunomodulatory function for neutrophils during the induction of a CD4+ Th2 response in BALB\/c mice infected with Leishmania major","volume":"165","author":"Tacchini-Cottier","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903273","article-title":"Type I IFN receptor regulates neutrophil functions and innate immunity to Leishmania parasites","volume":"184","author":"Xin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00658-10","article-title":"Differential microbicidal effects of human histone proteins H2A and H2B on Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2184","article-title":"Reciprocal coupling of coagulation and innate immunity via neutrophil serine proteases","volume":"16","author":"Massberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05593-11","article-title":"Cathepsin G and neutrophil elastase play critical and nonredundant roles in lung-protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice","volume":"79","author":"Hahn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107805","article-title":"\u03b2-glucan induces reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils to improve the killing of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"9","author":"Bonfim-Mendonca Pde","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00365","article-title":"A NET Outcome","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00508","article-title":"Neutrophil-derived cytokines: facts beyond expression","volume":"5","author":"Tecchio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0505OC","article-title":"Cigarette Smoke Induced DAMP Release from Necrotic Neutrophils Triggers Pro-inflammatory Mediator Release","volume":"52","author":"Heijink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14983","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206641109","article-title":"Resolvin E1 promotes phagocytosis-induced neutrophil apoptosis and accelerates resolution of pulmonary inflammation","volume":"109","author":"El Kebir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3754","article-title":"Atypical MHC class II-expressing antigen-presenting cells: can anything replace a dendritic cell?","volume":"14","author":"Kambayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12004","article-title":"Effect of activated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes on T lymphocyte proliferation and viability","volume":"137","author":"Hock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2194","article-title":"B cell-helper neutrophils stimulate the diversification and production of immunoglobulin in the marginal zone of the spleen","volume":"13","author":"Puga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.122655","article-title":"IL-33 induces neutrophil migration in rheumatoid arthritis and is a target of anti-TNF therapy","volume":"69","author":"Verri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102404","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps that are not degraded in systemic lupus erythematosus activate complement exacerbating the disease","volume":"188","author":"Leffler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1086\/650318","article-title":"Integrated pathways for neutrophil recruitment and inflammation in leprosy","volume":"201","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.10.003","article-title":"Neutrophils in tuberculosis: friend or foe?","volume":"33","author":"Lowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3039","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0713598","article-title":"IL-17 promotes progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis in susceptible mice","volume":"182","author":"Lopez Kostka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2403","article-title":"Dynamics of immune granuloma formation in a Leishmania braziliensis-induced self-limiting cutaneous infection in the primate Macaca mulatta","volume":"216","author":"Souza-Lemos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.035","article-title":"Apoptosis, inflammatory response and parasite load in skin of Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi naturally infected dogs: a histomorphometric analysis","volume":"189","author":"Vercosa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0040","first-page":"50","article-title":"Is the in situ inflammatory reaction an important tool to understand the cellular immune response in American tegumentary leishmaniasis?","volume":"158","author":"Morgado","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0339(199809)19:3<182::AID-DC5>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Cytologic features of \u2018dry-type\u2019 cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"19","author":"Dabiri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.10.1055","article-title":"Role of neutrophils in cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"16","author":"Daboul","year":"2010","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-0276130312","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the tissue inflammatory response in human cutaneous and disseminated leishmaniasis","volume":"109","author":"Dantas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940115","article-title":"Human mucosal leishmaniasis: neutrophils infiltrate areas of tissue damage that express high levels of Th17-related cytokines","volume":"40","author":"Boaventura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.52.2.135","article-title":"Differences in the onset of the inflammatory response to cutaneous leishmaniasis in resistant and susceptible mice","volume":"52","author":"Beil","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300100084","article-title":"Chemokines, natural killer cells and granulocytes in the early course of Leishmania major infection in mice","volume":"190","author":"Muller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00338-10","article-title":"Leukocytes infiltrate the skin and draining lymph nodes in response to the protozoan Leishmania infantum chagasi","volume":"79","author":"Thalhofer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00770-13","article-title":"Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes trigger neutrophil activation but resist neutrophil microbicidal mechanisms","volume":"81","author":"Carlsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900226106","article-title":"Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes induce and are killed by neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"106","author":"Guimaraes-Costa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.08.003","article-title":"Are neutrophils important host cells for Leishmania parasites?","volume":"25","author":"Ritter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6521","article-title":"Cutting edge: neutrophil granulocyte serves as a vector for Leishmania entry into macrophages","volume":"173","author":"van Zandbergen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01600-13","article-title":"Site-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells determines the effective dose of Leishmania major","volume":"82","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000484","article-title":"Vector transmission of Leishmania abrogates vaccine-induced protective immunity","volume":"5","author":"Peters","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1012540","article-title":"Crosstalk between neutrophils and dendritic cells: a context-dependent process","volume":"94","author":"Schuster","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0809549","article-title":"When two is better than one: macrophages and neutrophils work in concert in innate immunity as complementary and cooperative partners of a myeloid phagocyte system","volume":"87","author":"Silva","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0510250","article-title":"The defensive alliance between neutrophils and NK cells as a novel arm of innate immunity","volume":"89","author":"Costantini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111908","article-title":"Neutrophil depletion impairs natural killer cell maturation, function, and homeostasis","volume":"209","author":"Jaeger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344195","article-title":"When neutrophils meet T cells: beginnings of a tumultuous relationship with underappreciated potential","volume":"44","author":"Kalyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201343664","article-title":"Neutrophils suppress gammadelta T-cell function","volume":"44","author":"Sabbione","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0108018","article-title":"Interactions with apoptotic but not with necrotic neutrophils increase parasite burden in human macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis","volume":"84","author":"Afonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4454","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4454","article-title":"Macrophage interactions with neutrophils regulate Leishmania major infection","volume":"172","author":"Ribeiro-Gomes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013815","article-title":"Neutrophils reduce the parasite burden in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis-infected macrophages","volume":"5","author":"de Souza Carmo","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8088","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803720","article-title":"Neutrophils and macrophages cooperate in host resistance against Leishmania braziliensis infection","volume":"183","author":"Novais","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1159\/000373923","article-title":"Interactions between neutrophils and Leishmania braziliensis amastigotes facilitate cell activation and parasite clearance","volume":"7","author":"Carlsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00983.x","article-title":"Cell biology and immunology of Leishmania","volume":"240","author":"Mougneau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0066","first-page":"667","article-title":"Granulopenia of infectious origin","volume":"51","author":"Bertrand","year":"1975","journal-title":"Sem Hop"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822010000400010","article-title":"Is severe visceral leishmaniasis a systemic inflammatory response syndrome? A case control study","volume":"43","author":"Costa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(76)90137-1","article-title":"Studies of the neutropenia in kala-azar: results in two patients","volume":"70","author":"Musumeci","year":"1976","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0069","first-page":"70","article-title":"Immunological studies of pancytopenia in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"24","author":"Pollack","year":"1988","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.2.413","article-title":"Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor reverses neutropenia and reduces secondary infections in visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"170","author":"Badaro","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.02.016","article-title":"Neutrophil dysfunction varies with the stage of canine visceral leishmaniosis","volume":"196","author":"Almeida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5293","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101721","article-title":"Ly6G+ neutrophils are dispensable for defense against systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume":"187","author":"Shi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00084-13","article-title":"Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is T cell dependent and mediated through interleukin-17A expression and neutrophil influx","volume":"81","author":"Archer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01349-12","article-title":"Resistance of the brain to Escherichia coli K1 infection depends on MyD88 signaling and the contribution of neutrophils and monocytes","volume":"81","author":"Ribes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-01-404046","article-title":"Ly6G ligation blocks recruitment of neutrophils via a beta2-integrin-dependent mechanism","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(98)00099-6","article-title":"The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the resistance to cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"64","author":"Lima","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3681","article-title":"B cell-deficient mice are highly resistant to Leishmania donovani infection, but develop neutrophil-mediated tissue pathology","volume":"164","author":"Smelt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-1-17","article-title":"In vivo involvement of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in Leishmania infantum infection","volume":"1","author":"Rousseau","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12078","article-title":"Neutrophils have a protective role during early stages of Leishmania amazonensis infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"36","author":"Sousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004929","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004929","article-title":"Rapid sequestration of Leishmania mexicana by neutrophils contributes to the development of chronic lesion","volume":"11","author":"Hurrell","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.8.1171","article-title":"CD11c+B220+Gr-1+ cells in mouse lymph nodes and spleen display characteristics of plasmacytoid dendritic cells","volume":"194","author":"Nakano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00174-2","article-title":"Blood monocytes consist of two principal subsets with distinct migratory properties","volume":"19","author":"Geissmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1636093","article-title":"An eosinophil-dependent mechanism for the antitumor effect of interleukin-4","volume":"257","author":"Tepper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2003.08.009","article-title":"Successful elimination of memory-type CD8+ T cell subsets by the administration of anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibody in vivo","volume":"224","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000844","article-title":"Systemic FasL and TRAIL neutralisation reduce leishmaniasis induced skin ulceration","volume":"4","author":"Tasew","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762011000100004","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory responses to Leishmania amazonensis isolated from different clinical forms of human leishmaniasis in CBA mice","volume":"106","author":"Souza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e980","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000980","article-title":"Mucosal Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"5","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00154-09","article-title":"Distinct roles for MyD88 and Toll-like receptor 2 during Leishmania braziliensis infection in mice","volume":"77","author":"Vargas-Inchaustegui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0350-8","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of non-healing American cutaneous leishmaniasis and progressive visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"34","author":"Soong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7537","article-title":"Leishmania braziliensis infection induces dendritic cell activation, ISG15 transcription, and the generation of protective immune responses","volume":"180","author":"Vargas-Inchaustegui","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0245.1","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis in a captive crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous","volume":"42","author":"Tenorio Mda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50767","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050767","article-title":"Effects of a novel pharmacologic inhibitor of myeloperoxidase in a mouse atherosclerosis model","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.10.950","article-title":"Formation of nitric oxide-derived oxidants by myeloperoxidase in monocytes: pathways for monocyte-mediated protein nitration and lipid peroxidation in vivo","volume":"85","author":"Hazen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0809548","article-title":"The myeloid 7\/4-antigen defines recently generated inflammatory macrophages and is synonymous with Ly-6B","volume":"88","author":"Rosas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.2.655","article-title":"Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: resistance correlates with the capacity to generate interferon-gamma in response to Leishmania antigens in vitro","volume":"136","author":"Sadick","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/S0769-2625(87)80030-2","article-title":"Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: susceptibility correlates with differential expansion of helper T-cell subsets","volume":"138","author":"Locksley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Inst Pasteur Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5374","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5374","article-title":"Role of CD4+ T cells in pathogenesis associated with Leishmania amazonensis infection","volume":"158","author":"Soong","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2021122010190488500_cei12674-bib-0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.988-995.2004","article-title":"Enhanced replication of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes in gamma interferon-stimulated murine macrophages: implications for the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"72","author":"Qi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fcei.12674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/182\/2\/109\/41792006\/cei12674.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/182\/2\/109\/41792006\/cei12674.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T22:23:10Z","timestamp":1691792590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/182\/2\/109\/6422126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.12674","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]]}}}