{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:36:41Z","timestamp":1789087001166,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1915,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR4588\/MED\/30\/741\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR4588\/MED\/30\/741\/2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microflora and dysbiosis as an environmental factor has been linked to the pathogenesis of enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA); thus, we performed a proof-of-concept study of probiotics to modulate the gut-flora and study the effects on immune and clinical parameters of children having JIA-ERA. Forty-six children with active JIA-ERA were randomized to placebo or probiotic therapy along with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for 12 weeks. Patients were assessed using a six-point composite disease activity index (mJSpADA) based on morning stiffness, joint count, enthesitis count, sacroiliitis\/inflammatory back pain, uveitis and erythrocyte sedimentation rate\/C-reactive protein (ESR\/CRP). Frequencies of T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells in blood were measured using flow cytometry. Serum cytokines interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, interleukin (IL)\u22124, IL-17, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and IL-6 were measured by cytokine bead array using flow cytometer. The average age of 46 children (44 boys) was 15 \u00b1 2.5 years and duration of disease was 3.5 \u00b1 3 years. There was no significant difference in improvement in mJSpADA between the two groups (P = 0\u00b716). Serum IL-6 levels showed a decrease (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b705) in the probiotic-group. Th2 cell frequency (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b705) and serum IL-10 levels (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b701) showed an increase in the placebo group, but again the probiotic use did not show a significant change in immune parameters when compared to the placebo. Adverse effects among the probiotic and placebo groups were diarrhea (36 versus 45%), abdominal pain (9 versus 20%), minor infections (4\u00b75 versus 20%) and flatulence (23 versus 15%), respectively. Thus, we can conclude that probiotic therapy in JIA-ERA children is well tolerated, but failed to show any significant immune or clinical effects over NSAID therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T08:32:56Z","timestamp":1464597176000},"page":"301-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Effect of probiotics on clinical and immune parameters in enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Shukla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Gaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021111804093084900_cei12818-bib-0001","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2021111804093084900_cei12818-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.103","article-title":"Classification of juvenile spondyloarthritis: enthesitis-related arthritis and beyond","volume":"6","author":"Colbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2021111804093084900_cei12818-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60363-8","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"369","author":"Ravelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021111804093084900_cei12818-bib-0004","first-page":"773","article-title":"Increased gut permeability in juvenile chronic arthritides. 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