{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:23:37Z","timestamp":1792787017152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]],"date-time":"2016-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"JGWP foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDC) are a new immunotherapeutic tool for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune disorders. We have established a method to generate stable tolDC by pharmacological modulation of human monocyte-derived DC. These tolDC exert potent pro-tolerogenic actions on CD4+ T cells. Lack of interleukin (IL)\u221212p70 production is a key immunoregulatory attribute of tolDC but does not explain their action fully. Here we show that tolDC express transforming growth factor (TGF)-\u03b21 at both mRNA and protein levels, and that expression of this immunoregulatory cytokine is significantly higher in tolDC than in mature monocyte-derived DC. By inhibiting TGF-\u03b21 signalling we demonstrate that tolDC regulate CD4+ T cell responses in a manner that is at least partly dependent upon this cytokine. Crucially, we also show that while there is no significant difference in expression of TGF-\u03b2RII on CD4+ T cells from RA patients and healthy controls, RA patient CD4+ T cells are measurably less responsive to TGF-\u03b21 than healthy control CD4+ T cells [reduced TGF-\u03b2-induced mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (Smad)2\/3 phosphorylation, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) expression and suppression of (IFN)-\u03b3 secretion]. However, CD4+ T cells from RA patients can, nonetheless, be regulated efficiently by tolDC in a TGF-\u03b21-dependent manner. This work is important for the design and development of future studies investigating the potential use of tolDC as a novel immunotherapy for the treatment of RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T04:42:53Z","timestamp":1474864973000},"page":"113-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Tolerogenic dendritic cells generated with dexamethasone and vitamin D3 regulate rheumatoid arthritis CD4+ T cells partly via transforming growth factor-\n                    <b>\u03b2<\/b>\n                    1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"A E","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D J","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O Y","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Eltherington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Harry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J-P","family":"Doran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Immunobiology and Transplantation Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine at the Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J D","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Centre of Excellence (RACE), UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C M U","family":"Hilkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Research Group, UK"},{"name":"Arthritis Research UK 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