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Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells and their CD56Dim\/CD56Bright subsets were surface phenotyped using CD27 and CD16 surface markers in 60 BD patients compared to 60 healthy controls (HCs). Functional potential was assessed by production of interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, granzyme B, perforin and the expression of degranulation marker CD107a. The effects of disease activity (BDActive \u00a0versus BDQuiet) and BD medication on NK cells were also investigated. Peripheral blood NK cells (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001) and their constituent CD56Dim (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001) and CD56Bright (P\u2009=\u20090\u00b70015) subsets were depleted significantly in BD patients compared to HCs, and especially in those with active disease (BDActive) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001). BD patients taking azathioprine also had significantly depleted NK cells compared to HCs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001). A stepwise multivariate linear regression model confirmed BD activity and azathioprine therapy as significant independent predictor variables of peripheral blood NK percentage (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b7001). In general, CD56Dim cells produced more perforin (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001) and granzyme B (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b701) expressed higher CD16 levels (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b70001) compared to CD56Bright cells, confirming their increased cytotoxic potential with overall higher NK cell CD107a expression in BD compared to HCs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090\u00b701). Interestingly, IFN-\u03b3 production and CD27 expression were not significantly different between CD56Dim\/CD56Bright subsets. In conclusion, both BD activity and azathioprine therapy have significant independent depletive effects on the peripheral blood NK cell compartment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,7]],"date-time":"2017-02-07T16:22:44Z","timestamp":1486484564000},"page":"311-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Circulating NK cells and their subsets in Beh\u00e7et's disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"M S","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P L","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Adult Oral Health, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9843-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L A","family":"Bergmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Fortune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, 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