{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:20:55Z","timestamp":1768321255646,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"TUBITAK","award":["110S297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110S297"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002657","name":"Istanbul University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["810-34228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["810-34228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002657","name":"Istanbul University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BEK-2016-22342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BEK-2016-22342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002657","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impairment of the suppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been reported in myasthenia gravis (MG). In this study, cytokine-related mechanisms that may lead to the defect of Treg were investigated in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG (AChR + MG). Proliferation and cytokine production of responder T (Tresp) cells in response to polyclonal activation were measured in a suppression assay. The effect of interleukin (IL)-21 on suppression was evaluated in vitro in co-culture. IL-21 increased the proliferation of Tresp cells in Tresp\/Treg co-cultures. Tresp cells from patients with MG secreted significantly lower levels of IL-2. In patients with MG, IL-2 levels did not change with the addition of Treg to cultures, whereas it decreased significantly in controls. In Tresp\/Treg co-cultures, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 production increased in the presence of Treg in patients. Interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 was decreased, whereas IL-17A was increased in both patient and control groups. IL-21 inhibited the secretion of IL-4 in MG and healthy controls (HC), and IL-17A in HC only. The results demonstrated that IL-21 enhances the proliferation of Tresp cells in the presence of Treg. An effect of IL-21 mainly on Tresp cells through IL-2 is implicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T13:12:51Z","timestamp":1499087571000},"page":"201-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The effect of interleukin (IL)-21 and CD4+CD25++ T cells on cytokine production of CD4+ responder T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Alahgholi-Hajibehzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Durmu\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Aysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"G\u00fcl\u015fen-Parman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Oflazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Deymeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 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