{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:51:48Z","timestamp":1790682708643,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,19]],"date-time":"2018-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several studies have suggested a link between human microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. Porphyromonas gingivalis seems involved in RA initiation and progression, as supported by the high occurrence of periodontitis. In this case\u2013control study, we analysed tongue P. gingivalis presence and quantification in a large healthy and RA cohort. We enrolled 143 RA patients [male\/female (M\/F) 32\/111, mean \u00b1 standard deviation (s.d.), age 57\u00b75 \u00b1 19\u00b78 years, mean \u00b1 s.d. disease duration 155\u00b79 \u00b1 114\u00b77 months); 36 periodontitis patients (M\/F 11\/25, mean \u00b1 s.d., age 56 \u00b1 9\u00b79 years, mean \u00b1 s.d. disease duration 25\u00b75 \u00b1 20\u00b79 months); and 57 patients (M\/F 12\/45, mean \u00b1 s.d., age 61\u00b74 \u00b1 10\u00b79 years, mean \u00b1 s.d. disease duration 62\u00b73 \u00b1 66\u00b79 months) with knee osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia. All subjects underwent a standard cytological swab to identify the rate of P. gingivalis\/total bacteria by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of P. gingivalis resulted similarly in RA and periodontitis patients (48\u00b79 versus 52\u00b77%, P = not significant). Moreover, the prevalence of this pathogen was significantly higher in RA and periodontitis patients in comparison with control subjects (P = 0\u00b701 and P = 0\u00b7003, respectively). We found a significant correlation between P. gingivalis rate in total bacteria genomes and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) (r = 0\u00b74, P = 0\u00b701). RA patients in remission showed a significantly lower prevalence of P. gingivalis in comparison with non-remission (P = 0\u00b702). We demonstrated a significant association between the percentage of P. gingivalis on the total tongue biofilm and RA disease activity (DAS28), suggesting that the oral cavity microbiological status could play a role in the pathogenic mechanisms of inflammation, leading to more active disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T06:14:53Z","timestamp":1531721693000},"page":"244-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i> in the tongue biofilm is associated with clinical outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Orr\u00f9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari \u2018Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio\u2019, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Pilloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Bartosiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Perricone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Lucchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Fais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biology Service, University of Cagliari \u2018Ospedale S. Giovanni di Dio\u2019, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Vomero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Olivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"di Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Priori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Riccieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Scrivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Shoenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center (affiliated to Tel-Aviv University), Tel-Hashomer, Israel"},{"name":"Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Polimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Odontoiatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillo Facciali, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Valesini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialit\u00e0 Medica, Sapienza 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