{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:46:14Z","timestamp":1790837174412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease (AAD), or primary adrenocortical insufficiency, is a classical organ-specific autoimmune disease with 160 years of history. AAD is remarkably homogeneous with one major dominant self-antigen, the cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase enzyme, which is targeted by both autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. Like most autoimmune diseases, AAD is thought to be caused by an unfortunate combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the number of genetic associations with AAD is increasing, almost nothing is known about environmental factors. A major environmental factor commonly proposed for autoimmune diseases, based partly on experimental and clinical data and partly on shared pathways between anti-viral immunity and autoimmunity, is viral infections. However, there are few reports associating viral infections to AAD, and it has proved difficult to establish which immunological processes that could link any viral infection with the initiation or progression of AAD. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of AAD and take a closer look on the potential involvement of viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,25]],"date-time":"2018-08-25T04:34:30Z","timestamp":1535171670000},"page":"52-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Hellesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Senter for Autoimmune Sykdommer, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bratland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Senter for Autoimmune Sykdommer, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011418453070900_cei13207-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804635","article-title":"Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency","volume":"360","author":"Bornstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022011418453070900_cei13207-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.12.015","article-title":"Cellular immunity and immunopathology in autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease","volume":"336","author":"Bratland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022011418453070900_cei13207-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2008.03340.x","article-title":"Increased death risk and altered cancer incidence 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