{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:10:54Z","timestamp":1790867454985,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004628","name":"MedImmune","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004628","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder whose pathology involves multiple immune cell types, including B and T lymphocytes as well as myeloid cells. While it is clear that autoantibody-producing B cells, as well as CD4+ T cell help, are key contributors to disease, little is known regarding the role of innate lymphoid cells such as natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of SLE. We have characterized the phenotype of NK cells by multi-color flow cytometry in a large cohort of SLE patients. While the overall percentage of NK cells was similar or slightly decreased compared to healthy controls, a subset of patients displayed a high frequency of NK cells expressing the proliferation marker, Ki67, which was not found in healthy donors. Although expression of Ki67 on NK cells correlated with Ki67 on other immune cell subsets, the frequency of Ki67 on NK cells was considerably higher. Increased frequencies of Ki67+ NK cells correlated strongly with clinical severity and active nephritis and was also related to low NK cell numbers, but not overall leukopenia. Proteomic and functional data indicate that the cytokine interleukin-15 promotes the induction of Ki67 on NK cells. These results suggest a role for NK cells in regulating the immune-mediated pathology of SLE as well as reveal a possible target for therapeutic intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T06:49:01Z","timestamp":1548744541000},"page":"226-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Natural killer cell expression of Ki67 is associated with elevated serum IL-15, disease activity and nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"196","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Hudspeth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"},{"name":"Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"},{"name":"Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Autoimmunity Molecular Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Manna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sanjuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"},{"name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kolbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hasni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ettinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Group, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"},{"name":"Viela Bio, Gaithersburg, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R M","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA"},{"name":"Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Novartis Institutes of BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022011423224354900_cei13263-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2752","article-title":"Taming lupus \u2013 a new understanding of pathogenesis is leading to clinical advances","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2022011423224354900_cei13263-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000089","article-title":"The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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