{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T22:24:37Z","timestamp":1794263077279,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Linea D1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Linea D1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Linea Premio pubblicazioni di alta qualit\u00e0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Linea Premio pubblicazioni di alta qualit\u00e0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Several reports have highlighted the abnormal increments of serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in the course of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), but a comparative analysis among different conditions is still lacking. A strong association between elevated FLC and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related mixed cryoglobulinaemia (HCVMC) has been well established. Here, we aimed to analyse serum FLC levels in patients with four different SARD in comparison with HCVMC. Using a turbidimetric assay, free \u03ba and \u03bb chains were quantified in sera from 198 SARD patients (37 rheumatoid arthritis, RA; 47 systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE; 52 anti-phospholipid syndrome, APS; 62 primary Sjogren's syndrome, pSS), 62 HCVMC and 50 healthy blood donors (HD). All patient groups showed increased \u03ba levels when compared to HD: 33\u00b75 \u00b1 2\u00b76 mg\/l in HCVMC, 26\u00b77 \u00b1 2\u00b73 mg\/l in RA, 29\u00b77 \u00b1 1\u00b79 mg\/l in SLE, 23\u00b78 \u00b1 1\u00b71 mg\/l in APS, 24\u00b72 \u00b1 1\u00b71 mg\/l in pSS; 10\u00b71 \u00b1 0\u00b76 mg\/l in HD. Free \u03bb levels displayed a significant increase only for HCVMC (20\u00b74 \u00b1 1\u00b74 mg\/l) and SLE (18\u00b74 \u00b1 1\u00b70 mg\/l) compared to HD (13\u00b76 \u00b1 0\u00b79 mg\/l). The increase of \u03ba compared to \u03bb takes into account a \u03ba \/\u03bb ratio of 1\u00b76 for all groups. Our results substantially analyse and strengthen the association between FLC and SARD focusing the questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of human diseases. Unfortunately, the biochemical differences distinguishing normal from pathological FLC have not been identified. Production of different isotypes is probably connected to still-unknown pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T22:35:52Z","timestamp":1571265352000},"page":"163-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Gulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Napodano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Medicina Interna, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. 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Gemelli' - I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Pocino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Medicina Interna, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. Gemelli' - I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio, Universit\u00e0 di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Visentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale e di Precisione, Universit\u00e0 di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Stefanile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. Gemelli', IRCCS, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Todi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Patologia Generale, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. Gemelli' - I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"De Spirito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. Gemelli' - I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G L","family":"Rapaccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Medicina Interna, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario \u2018A. 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