{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T23:32:11Z","timestamp":1762299131999},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":679,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Commercial cellular tests are used to diagnose Lyme borreliosis (LB), but studies on their clinical validation are lacking. This study evaluated the utility of an in-house and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay for the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). Prospectively, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients and controls and analysed using an in-house Borrelia ELISpot assay and the commercial LymeSpot assay. B. burgdorferi B31 whole cell lysate and a mixture of outer surface proteins were used to stimulate the PBMCs and the numbers of interferon-gamma-secreting T cells were measured. Results were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Eighteen active and 12 treated LNB patients, 10 healthy individuals treated for an early (mostly cutaneous) manifestation of LB in the past and 47 untreated healthy individuals were included. Both assays showed a poor diagnostic performance with sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values ranging from 44.4\u201366.7%, 42.0\u201372.5%, 21.8\u201333.3% and 80.5\u201387.0%, respectively. The LymeSpot assay performed equally poorly when the calculation method of the manufacturer was used. Both the in-house and the LymeSpot assay are unable to diagnose active LNB or to monitor antibiotic treatment success.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,30]],"date-time":"2019-10-30T17:03:57Z","timestamp":1572455037000},"page":"337-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prospective comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays for the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"T","family":"van Gorkom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Voet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S U C","family":"Sankatsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C D M","family":"Nijhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"ter Haak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S F T","family":"Thijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021407183487100_cei13393-bib-0001","volume-title":"Lyme disease cases have quadrupled","author":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands"},{"key":"2022021407183487100_cei13393-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.2.451","article-title":"The geographical distribution of tick bites and erythema migrans in general practice in the Netherlands","volume":"26","author":"de Mik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022021407183487100_cei13393-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0777-6","article-title":"Physician reported incidence of early and late Lyme borreliosis","volume":"8","author":"Hofhuis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2022021407183487100_cei13393-bib-0004","volume-title":"[CBO-richtlijn Lymeziekte definitief]","author":"Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg (CBO)","year":"2013"},{"key":"2022021407183487100_cei13393-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1089\/153036603322662200","article-title":"Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in Europe","volume":"3","author":"Wilske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonot. 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