{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:42:26Z","timestamp":1776300146184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":732,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Vaccine Evaluation Consortium","award":["Awarded to Liz Miller"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Awarded to Liz Miller"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/K010468\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/K010468\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Different vaccine strains included in the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) have variable efficacy. The reasons for this are not clear and may include differences in immunogenicity. We report a Phase IV open-label study on the immunogenicity of a single dose of quadrivalent LAIV (Fluenz\u2122 Tetra) in children during the 2015\/16 season, to investigate the antibody responses to different strains. Eligible children were enrolled to receive LAIV; nasal samples were collected before and approximately 4 weeks after immunization. There was a significant increase in nasal immunoglobulin (Ig)A to the H3N2, B\/Victoria lineage (B\/Brisbane) and B\/Yamagata lineage (B\/Phuket) components, but not to the H1N1 component. The fold change in nasal IgA response was inversely proportional to the baseline nasal IgA titre for H1N1, H3N2 and B\/Brisbane. We investigated possible associations that may explain baseline nasal IgA, including age and prior vaccination status, but found different patterns for different antigens, suggesting that the response is multi-factorial. Overall, we observed differences in immune responses to different viral strains included in the vaccine; the reasons for this require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1572526821000},"page":"109-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Differences in nasal immunoglobulin A responses to influenza vaccine strains after live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) immunization in children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"given":"P J","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London , London, UK"},{"name":"Public Health England (Colindale) , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A F","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R R","family":"Javan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M E","family":"O'Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, St Mary's Campus , London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Southern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England (Colindale) , London, 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