{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:12:18Z","timestamp":1790874738520,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z171100001017208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z171100001017208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z181100001718063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z181100001718063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971531"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971531"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neopterin is primarily synthesized and released by activated macrophages\/monocytes upon stimulation with interferon-\u03b3 and is considered as a marker for macrophage activation. This study aimed to analyze the serum levels of neopterin in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) in association with clinical manifestations, laboratory data and patient prognosis. One hundred and eighty-two consecutive DM patients and 30 healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled into the study. Serum levels of neopterin were significantly increased in DM patients compared to healthy controls (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). High serum neopterin levels were associated with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene (MDA5) antibody, rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and characteristic DM cutaneous involvement. Longitudinal assessment of serum samples revealed that the serum neopterin levels were closely correlated with disease severity (\u03b2 = 30\u00b724, P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). In addition, a significant increase in serum neopterin concentration of non-survivors was observed when compared to that of survivors (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Receiver operator characteristic curves showed that serum neopterin could distinguish non-survivors and survivors at an optimal cut-off level of 22\u00b71 nmol\/l with a sensitivity and specificity of 0\u00b7804 and 0\u00b7625, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Kaplan\u2013Meier survival curves revealed that DM patients with serum neopterin &amp;gt; 22\u00b71 nmol\/l had a significantly higher mortality compared to the patient group with serum neopterin &amp;lt; 22\u00b71 nmol\/l (log-rank P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). Multivariate regression analysis identified high serum neopterin concentration to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in DM (adjusted hazard ratio = 4\u00b7619, 95% confidence interval = 2\u00b7092\u201310\u00b7195, P &amp;lt; 0\u00b7001). In conclusion, increased serum levels of neopterin were significantly associated with RP-ILD and reduced survival in DM patients, suggesting it as a promising biomarker in disease evaluation of DM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T05:13:17Z","timestamp":1575349997000},"page":"314-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["A high level of serum neopterin is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and reduced survival in dermatomyositis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1271-1729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q-L","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y-M","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L-F","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H-B","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X-M","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G-C","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, China\u2013Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14368-1","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis","volume":"362","author":"Dalakas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.04.007","article-title":"Management of myositis-related interstitial lung disease","volume":"150","author":"Morisset","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9896-x","article-title":"Assessment of mortality in autoimmune myositis with and without associated interstitial lung disease","volume":"194","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker518","article-title":"The diagnostic utility of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody testing for predicting the prognosis of Japanese patients with DM","volume":"51","author":"Koga","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160682","article-title":"Antimelanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody: expanding the clinical spectrum in North American patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"44","author":"Moghadam-Kia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.161480","article-title":"Clinical profiles and prognosis of patients with distinct antisynthetase autoantibodies","volume":"44","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2017.07.013","article-title":"Clinical heterogeneity of interstitial lung disease in polymyositis and dermatomyositis patients with or without specific autoantibodies","volume":"355","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605082","article-title":"Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation","volume":"3","author":"Murr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1086\/427877","article-title":"Serum neopterin, an immune activation marker, independently predicts disease progression in advanced HIV-1 infection","volume":"40","author":"Mildvan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4644","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709789878247","article-title":"The role of neopterin in atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk assessment","volume":"16","author":"Fuchs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.05.008","article-title":"Neopterin, a prognostic marker in human malignancies","volume":"287","author":"Sucher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20365","article-title":"Macrophage activation and coronary atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Rho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2012.722143","article-title":"Correlation between DAS-28 and neopterin as a biochemical marker of immune system activation in early rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"46","author":"D\u2019Agostino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740310000067","article-title":"Serum and salivary neopterin and interferon-gamma in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome. Correlation with clinical, laboratory and histopathologic features","volume":"32","author":"Sfriso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0015","first-page":"666","article-title":"Serum concentrations of neopterin, soluble interleukin 2 receptor, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor in Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"24","author":"Nassonov","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/36.6.656","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of neopterin in adult patients with polymyositis\/dermatomyositis","volume":"36","author":"Samsonov","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0017","first-page":"1681","article-title":"Neopterin and quinolinic acid are surrogate measures of disease activity in the juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"48","author":"Rider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.69.2.232","article-title":"Correlation of serum neopterin concentrations with disease activity in juvenile dermatomyositis","volume":"69","author":"De Benedetti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2018.1548918","article-title":"Serum neopterin as well as ferritin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, KL-6 and anti-MDA5 antibody titer provide markers of the response to therapy in patients with interstitial lung disease complicating anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis","volume":"29","author":"Nishioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502132920706","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts)","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197502202920807","article-title":"Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (second of two parts)","volume":"292","author":"Bohan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120621","article-title":"Would a new name hasten the acceptance of amyopathic dermatomyositis (dermatomyositis sine myositis) as a distinctive subset within the idiopathic inflammatory dermatomyopathies spectrum of clinical illness?","volume":"46","author":"Sontheimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1469-8","article-title":"Identification of multiple cancer-associated myositis-specific autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a large longitudinal cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Therapy"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201308-1483ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias","volume":"188","author":"Travis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq149","article-title":"Clinical manifestation and prognostic factor in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-associated interstitial lung disease as a complication of dermatomyositis","volume":"49","author":"Gono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00048-8","article-title":"Importance of events per independent variable in proportional hazards regression analysis. II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates","volume":"48","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk052","article-title":"Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression","volume":"165","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22014","article-title":"Pulmonary function tests in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: association with clinical parameters in children","volume":"65","author":"Prestridge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2016.03.011","article-title":"Clinical manifestations and long-term outcome of anti-Jo1 antisynthetase patients in a large cohort of Spanish patients from the GEAS-IIM group","volume":"46","author":"Trallero-Araguas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-017-3799-x","article-title":"Mortality and prognostic factors in idiopathic inflammatory myositis: a retrospective analysis of a large multicenter cohort of Spain","volume":"37","author":"Nuno-Nuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-2323-y","article-title":"Anti-MDA5 antibody is associated with A\/SIP and decreased T cells in peripheral blood and predicts poor prognosis of ILD in Chinese patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2018.56","article-title":"Autoantibodies in myositis","volume":"14","author":"McHugh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40491","article-title":"Differential clinical associations of anti-nuclear matrix protein 2 autoantibodies in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-018-0864-2","article-title":"Macrophages: friend or foe in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.02.015","article-title":"Macrophages in tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis","volume":"44","author":"Wynn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2010.73","article-title":"Circulating monocytes from systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease show an enhanced profibrotic phenotype","volume":"90","author":"Mathai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38288","article-title":"Association of Interferon- and transforming growth factor beta-regulated genes and macrophage activation with systemic sclerosis-related progressive lung fibrosis","volume":"66","author":"Christmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201507-1376OC","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of mononuclear phagocytes in nondiseased human lung and lung-draining lymph nodes","volume":"193","author":"Desch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.141307","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of soluble CD163 in polymyositis and dermatomyositis: associated with macrophage infiltration in muscle tissue","volume":"42","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1214-8","article-title":"Clinical significance of soluble CD163 in polymyositis-related or dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease","volume":"19","author":"Enomoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170997","article-title":"Association of serum soluble CD163 with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, especially in anti-MDA5 antibody-positive cases","volume":"45","author":"Kawasumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11108","article-title":"Elevated IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels in muscle tissue of patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"31","author":"Giris","year":"2017","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40800","article-title":"Muscle expression of Type I and Type II interferons is increased in juvenile dermatomyositis and related to clinical and histologic features","volume":"71","author":"Moneta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16917","article-title":"Aberrant activation of the type I interferon system may contribute to the pathogenesis of anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 dermatomyositis","volume":"180","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2022021407183407400_cei13404-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1737-2","article-title":"Relevance of interferon-gamma in pathogenesis of life-threatening rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease in patients with dermatomyositis","volume":"20","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cei.13404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cei.13404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/199\/3\/314\/42507552\/cei13404.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/199\/3\/314\/42507552\/cei13404.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T07:24:15Z","timestamp":1644823455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/199\/3\/314\/6402728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.13404","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2249","0009-9104"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]]}}}