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Drugs targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) have made their way into routine clinical use; however, this has not been without difficulties. Stimulation of the immune system to target cancer has been found to result in a reduction of self-tolerance, leading to the development of adverse effects that resemble autoimmunity. These adverse effects are erratic in their onset and severity and can theoretically affect any organ type. Several mechanisms for immune-related toxicity have been investigated over recent years; however, no consensus on the cause or prediction of toxicity has been reached. This review seeks to examine reported evidence for possible mechanisms of toxicity, methods for prediction of those at risk and a discussion of future prospects within the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T08:23:12Z","timestamp":1580199792000},"page":"141-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mechanisms of checkpoint inhibition-induced adverse events"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Urwyler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Earnshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammatory Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, 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