{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:47:42Z","timestamp":1784645262792,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"The Egyptian Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Variations in the immune response could explain resistance to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Toll-like receptor gene (TLR)-3 is an innate detector of dsRNA viruses, and the TLR-9 gene recognizes bacterial and viral unmethylated cytosine\u2013phosphate\u2013guanosine (CpG) motifs. We previously reported that the TLR-3.rs3775290 CC genotype was associated with HCV chronicity and that the TLR-9 gene played no major role in this infection. This study identified the role of TLR-3.rs3775290 (c.1377C\/T), TLR-9.rs5743836 (\u22121237T\u2192C) and TLR-9.rs352140 (G2848A) gene polymorphisms in predicting the outcome of HCV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) among Egyptian health-care workers (HCWs). We enrolled 265 HCWs in this study and divided them into four groups. Group 1: 140 seronegative-aviraemic HCWs; group 2: 20 seronegative-viraemic HCWs; group 3: 35 subjects with spontaneously resolved HCV infection; and group 4: 70 chronic HCV HCWs (patients). All subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction\u2013restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis for the TLR-3.rs3775290, TLR-9.rs5743836 and TLR-9.rs352140 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also quantified HCV-specific CMI in the four groups using an interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in response to nine HCV genotype 4a, overlapping 15mer peptide pools covering the whole viral genome. No statistically significant difference was found between CMI-responding subjects with different HCV states and TLR-3.rs3775290 or TLR-9.rs352140 genotypes. However, there was a significant relationship between the outcome of the HCV-specific CMI and the TLR-9.rs5743836 genotype among the responding subjects (P\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7005) and the chronic HCV patients (P\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b7044). In conclusion, TLR-9.rs5743836 SNP, but not TLR-3.rs3775290 or TLR-9.rs352140 genotypes, could predict the outcome of HCV-specific CMI responses among Egyptians infected with genotype-4.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T05:40:57Z","timestamp":1600321257000},"page":"3-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Association of the polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 and TLR-9 genes with hepatitis C virus-specific cell-mediated immunity outcomes among Egyptian health-care workers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9636-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S F","family":"Abdelwahab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Taif College of Pharmacy , Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University , Minia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z A","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development , Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Galal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sobhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hashem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W R","family":"Allam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA) , Giza, Egypt"},{"name":"Centre for Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology , Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Abdel-Samiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Rewisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Waked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University , Menoufia, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023081113342779200_cei13514-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13027-016-0070-0","article-title":"Cellular immune response to hepatitis-C-virus in subjects without viremia or seroconversion: is it important?","volume":"11","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Agents Cancer"},{"key":"2023081113342779200_cei13514-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22759","article-title":"American Association for the Study of Liver Disease. 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