{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:55:09Z","timestamp":1787968509650,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004716","name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SS201702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SS201702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Public Health Commission","award":["H201706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H201706"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016105","name":"Jiangsu Key Talents for Maternal and Child Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRC201715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRC201715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Semi-allogeneic embryos are not rejected by the maternal immune system due to maternal\u2013fetal immune tolerance. Progesterone (P) receptor (PR)-expressing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are present in healthy pregnant women. In the presence of P, these cells secrete an immunomodulatory protein called progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), which can facilitate immune escape and is important in preventing embryonic rejection. This work investigated the correlations of the expression of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) with progesterone receptor (PR) and progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in peripheral blood and decidual tissue in women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and normal pregnant (NP) women. We confirmed that \u03b3\u03b4 T cell proportions and PIBF expression in the peripheral blood and decidua of URSA women decreased significantly, while PR expression in decidua decreased. However, TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA expression in \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in peripheral blood did not change, while TIGIT and PD-1 expression in \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in decidua increased significantly. Under the action of PHA-P (10\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml), co-blocking of TIGIT (15\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) and PD-1 (10\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml) antibodies further induced \u03b3\u03b4 T cell proliferation, but PIBF levels in the culture medium supernatant did not change. At 10\u221210 M P, \u03b3\u03b4 T cells proliferated significantly, and PIBF concentrations in the culture medium supernatant increased. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells co-cultured with P, TIGIT and PD-1 blocking antibodies showed the most significant proliferation, and PIBF concentrations in the culture medium supernatant were the highest. These results confirm that P is necessary for PIBF production. The TIGIT and PD-1 pathways participate in \u03b3\u03b4 T cell proliferation and activation and PIBF expression and play important roles in maintaining pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T16:58:02Z","timestamp":1601917082000},"page":"55-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Correlations of the expression of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and their co-stimulatory molecules TIGIT, PD-1, ICOS and BTLA with PR and PIBF in the peripheral blood and decidual tissues of women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9885-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Q","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121023175582000_cei13534-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.03.037","article-title":"Proportional change of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in decidua and peripheral blood in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion 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