{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T23:13:43Z","timestamp":1776554023787,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"UW Center for AIDS Research UW Global Center for Integrated Health of Women, Adolescents and Children","award":["P30 AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI027757"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 HSD 064915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 HSD 064915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5 R24 TW007988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5 R24 TW007988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Genital cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common during the third trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesized that cervical CMV shedding may increase risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) through the release of inflammatory cytokines in the cervix. We conducted a nested case\u2013control analysis to determine the relationship between CMV shedding and sPTB using data and samples from a prospective cohort study in western Kenya. Women who delivered between 28\u00a0+\u00a00 and 33\u00a0+\u00a06\u00a0weeks gestation were matched by gestational age at sample collection to controls who delivered \u2265\u00a037\u00a0+\u00a00\u00a0weeks. Levels of CMV DNA and interleukin (IL)-1 beta (\u03b2), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 were measured in cervical swabs. We used conditional logistic regression to assess relationships between CMV shedding, cervical cytokine levels and sPTB. Among 86 cases and 86 matched controls, cervical CMV levels were not significantly associated with sPTB [odds ratio (OR) = 1\u00b723, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0\u00b759\u20132\u00b756], but were significantly associated with higher levels of cervical IL-6 (\u03b2 = 0\u00b715, 95% CI = 0\u00b702\u20130\u00b729) and TNF-\u03b1 (\u03b2 = 0\u00b714, 95% CI = 0\u00b701\u20130\u00b727). In univariate analysis, higher odds of sPTB was associated with higher cervical IL-6 levels (OR = 1\u00b754, 95% CI =\u00a01\u00b700\u20132\u00b738), but not with other cervical cytokines. In this cohort of Kenyan women, we did not find a significant association between cervical CMV shedding and sPTB before 34 weeks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T15:49:00Z","timestamp":1607010540000},"page":"472-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cervical cytomegalovirus reactivation, cytokines and spontaneous preterm birth in Kenyan women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3491-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E R","family":"Begnel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A L","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kinuthia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics\/Gynecology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Matemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M-L","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K H","family":"\u00c1sbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Chohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Beima-Sofie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"John-Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 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