{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:48:20Z","timestamp":1790365700684,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005205","name":"Janssen Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VX-950HHC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VX-950HHC001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005205","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Natural killer (NK) cell functions are regulated by diverse inhibitory and activating receptors, including killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), which interact with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. Some KIR\/HLA genetic combinations were reported associated with spontaneous clearance (SC) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) but with discordant results, possibly reflecting KIR and\/or HLA gene polymorphism according to populations. KIR\/HLA genetic combinations associated with both an exhaustive NK and T cell repertoire were investigated in a cohort of HIV\u2013HCV co-infected individuals with either SC (n = 68) or chronic infection (CI, n = 163) compared to uninfected blood donors [controls (Ctrl), n = 100]. Multivariate analysis showed that the HLA C2C2 environment was associated with SC only in European HIV\u2013HCV co-infected individuals [odds ratio (OR) = 4\u00b730, 95% confidence interval = 1\u00b757\u201312\u00b725, P = 0\u00b7005]. KIR2D+ NK cell repertoire and potential of degranulation of KIR2DL1\/S1+ NK cells were similar in the SC European cohort compared to uninfected individuals. In contrast, decreased frequencies of KIR2DS1+ and KIR2DL2+ NK cells were detected in the CI group of Europeans compared to SC and a decreased frequency of KIR2DL1\/S1+ NK cells compared to controls. Regarding T cells, higher frequencies of DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1)+ and CD57+ T cells were observed in SC in comparison to controls. Interestingly, SC subjects emphasized increased frequencies of KIR2DL2\/L3\/S2+ T cells compared to CI subjects. Our study underlines that the C2 environment may activate efficient KIR2DL1+ NK cells in a viral context and maintain a KIR2DL2\/L3\/S2+ mature T cell response in the absence of KIR2DL2 engagement with its cognate ligands in SC group of HCV\u2013HIV co-infected European patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1607765695000},"page":"107-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of HLA-C environment on the spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C in European HIV\u2013HCV co-infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Legrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang (EFS), Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang (EFS), Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rodallec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, CHU Nantes Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Gaultier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, CHU Hotel Dieu, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AP-HP Department of Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cesbron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EFS, HLA Laboratory, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Wittkop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM UMR1219, Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux ISPED, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Raffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Gendzekhadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Duarte, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Reti\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang (EFS), Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France"},{"name":"LabEx IGO, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Allavena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4467-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang (EFS), Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, INSERM U1232 CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France"},{"name":"LabEx IGO, Nantes, France"},{"name":"LabEx Transplantex, Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 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