{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T13:28:08Z","timestamp":1773494888720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"S.I.M.B.A"},{"name":"Italian Society of Rheumatology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada (VKH) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in tissues that contain melanocytes. We aimed to increase the knowledge regarding immunological pathways deregulated in VKH disease. We compared the percentages of circulating natural killer (NK), NK T and T cells expressing the activatory markers: CD16, CD69, NK group 2D (NKG2D), natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (Nkp30), natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 (Nkp46) and the inhibitory marker: NK group 2 member A (NKG2A) in 10 active VKH patients, 20 control subjects (CTR) and seven patients with Beh\u00e7et disease (BD) by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic potential of NK cells was determined through the degranulation marker CD107a expression after contact with K562 cells by flow cytometry. Moreover, plasmatic levels of 27 cytokines were determined with a multiplex bead-based assay. VKH patients showed higher percentages of NKG2Dpos NK and NK T cells versus CTR. The cytotoxic potential of NK cells induced by K562 cells was comparable between VKH patients and CTR. Finally, higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-17 and platelet-derived growth factor-subunits B (PDGF-bb) were detected in plasma of VKH patients versus CTR. The immune profile of VKH patients was similar to that of BD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T08:13:03Z","timestamp":1607760783000},"page":"41-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada patients show higher frequencies of circulating NKG2Dpos NK and NK T cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-6781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Bonacini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Cimino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bolletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Gozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocular Immunology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Muratore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Zerbini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophtalmology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Salvarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S","family":"Croci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-016-0412-4","article-title":"Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease: review of a rare autoimmune disease targeting antigens of melanocytes","volume":"11","author":"Lavezzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_787_19","article-title":"Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada (VKH) syndrome: a new perspective for healthcare professionals","volume":"9","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1984.tb00673.x","article-title":"Two distinct cytotoxic t lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease that recognize human melanoma cells","volume":"28","author":"Maezawa","year":"1984","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00190711","article-title":"Vitiligo in Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease: immunohistological analysis of inflammatory site","volume":"234","author":"Okada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2016.02.002","article-title":"Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease: novel insights into pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"52","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00358","article-title":"Cytokine profiling in aqueous humor samples from patients with non-infectious uveitis associated with systemic inflammatory diseases","volume":"11","author":"Bonacini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.01.014","article-title":"Cytokine profiles in aqueous humor of patients with different clinical entities of endogenous uveitis","volume":"139","author":"El-Asrar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06887","article-title":"Association of HLA-DR4\/HLA-DRB1*04 with Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9914","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009914","article-title":"Association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and HLA-DQA1\/DQB1 alleles with Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease","volume":"97","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.11.001","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene-cluster 3DS1-2DL5-2DS1-2DS5 predisposes susceptibility to Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada syndrome in Japanese individuals","volume":"71","author":"Levinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.07.236","article-title":"HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in mestizo patients with Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada's disease in Southern California","volume":"65","author":"Levinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2010.538798","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in uveitis","volume":"19","author":"Levinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02157","article-title":"Higher frequencies of lymphocytes expressing the natural killer group 2D receptor in patients with Beh\u00e7et disease","volume":"9","author":"Bonacini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00925-4","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease: report of an international committee on nomenclature","volume":"131","author":"Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0098","article-title":"NKG2D receptor and its ligands in host defense","volume":"3","author":"Lanier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01869","article-title":"Natural killer cells: development, maturation, and clinical utilization","volume":"9","author":"Abel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01219","article-title":"The role of natural killer group 2, member D in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity","volume":"9","author":"Babic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03089","article-title":"Natural killer cells in systemic autoinflammatory diseases: a focus on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and macrophage activation syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Vandenhaute","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2008.08.007","article-title":"Relationship between CD107a expression and cytotoxic activity","volume":"254","author":"Aktas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2004.08.008","article-title":"CD107a as a functional marker for the identification of natural killer cell activity","volume":"294","author":"Alter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.07.016","article-title":"Measurement of NK activity in whole blood by the CD69 up-regulation after co-incubation with K562, comparison with NK cytotoxicity assays and CD107a degranulation assay","volume":"372","author":"Dons'koi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0022","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Immunologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes in Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease","volume":"31","author":"Norose","year":"1990","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3831","article-title":"Type 2 cytokines: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"15","author":"Wynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0024","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling in peripheral blood monocular cells of patients with Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/15476910903453296","article-title":"An overview of IL-7 biology and its use in immunotherapy","volume":"7","author":"Elkassar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8505","article-title":"Increased IL-7 expression in Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada disease","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2013.58","article-title":"IL-17 cytokines in immunity and inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.02.005","article-title":"The effects of IL-17 upon human natural killer cells","volume":"62","author":"Al Omar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.12.007","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A and corticosteroids on the production of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 by T cells in Vogt\u2013Koyanagi\u2013Harada syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2021121023211074200_cei13563-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/117739280700200006","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor as a therapeutic target for systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"2","author":"Kameda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Target Insights"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/cei.13563","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/cei.13563","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/204\/1\/41\/41634653\/cei13563.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/204\/1\/41\/41634653\/cei13563.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T16:25:13Z","timestamp":1641054313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/204\/1\/41\/6403050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cei.13563","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]]}}}