{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:03:39Z","timestamp":1758816219387,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,4]],"date-time":"2021-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Sciences North"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009776","name":"McMaster University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated that the status of the T cell compartment and inflammation-related factors are associated with the immunogenicity of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine in older adults; however, little is known about the roles of other immune cell subsets known to influence the generation and maintenance of immunological memory. Responses to a live-attenuated VZV vaccine were studied in relation to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) composition and function in a sample of 30 nursing home residents (aged 80\u201399 years). Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) was used to measure VZV responses at baseline and 6\u00a0weeks following vaccination, and associations were sought with the frequencies of monocytes and T, B and natural killer (NK) cells and the production and secretion of cytokines following their ex-vivo stimulation with different agents. While only the frequency of interleukin (IL)-6+ CD14+ monocytes was inversely associated with post-vaccination VZV response, amounts of IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, IL-17A and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by PBMCs and the frequency of IL-1\u03b2+ CD14+ monocytes was positively correlated with pre-vaccination VZV response. Furthermore, both bivariate correlation and causal mediation analyses supported the notion that IL-1\u03b2+ CD14+ monocytes were significant mediators of the associations between IL-1\u03b2 and TNF secretion by PBMCs and pre-vaccination VZV responses. Our findings implicate a strong cytokine response mediated by inflammatory IL-1\u03b2+ monocytes in coordinating responses of long-lived VZV-reactive memory T cells, but with an opposing effect of IL-6+ CD14+ monocytes. Whether monocyte status promotes or inhibits the induction and\/or maintenance of these memory T cells later in life has yet to be determined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T00:47:58Z","timestamp":1615682878000},"page":"63-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The frequency of interleukin-1\u03b2-producing monocytes is significantly associated with varicella-zoster responses of nursing home residents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E","family":"Picard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D M E","family":"Bowdish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J E","family":"McElhaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Pawelec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Loeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C P","family":"Verschoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, 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